Many folks would like to see us back on the Moon and developing its resources.

Showing posts with label MESSENGER. Show all posts
Showing posts with label MESSENGER. Show all posts

Friday, March 18, 2011

MESSENGER Begins Historic Orbit around Mercury

Earthquakes and tsunamis are in the news down here on Earth.  If we have a chance to look up we have large Moon to view.
http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2011/16mar_supermoon/

Beyond that though is the planet Mercury which now has a visitor in orbit.
View Mercury in the evening sky March 21.
http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/ataglance/
- LRK -

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http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/
March 17, 2011
MESSENGER Begins Historic Orbit around Mercury
At 9:10 p.m. EDT, engineers in the MESSENGER Mission Operations Center at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Md., received the anticipated radiometric signals confirming nominal burn shutdown and successful insertion of the MESSENGER probe into orbit around the planet Mercury. [more]

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Read on.
- LRK -

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http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2011/18mar_orbitmercury/
NASA Science News for March 18, 2011 NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft successfully achieved orbit around Mercury at approximately 9 p.m. EDT on March 17th. This marks the first time a spacecraft has orbited the solar system's innermost planet.
FULL STORY at
http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2011/18mar_orbitmercury/
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So MESSENGER is in orbit.
- LRK -

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http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/mar/HQ_11-079_MESSENGER_Orbits.html
NASA'S MESSENGER SPACECRAFT BEGINS HISTORIC ORBIT AROUND MERCURY

WASHINGTON -- NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft successfully achieved orbit
around Mercury at approximately 9 p.m. EDT Thursday. This marks the
first time a spacecraft has accomplished this engineering and
scientific milestone at our solar system's innermost planet.

"This mission will continue to revolutionize our understanding of
Mercury during the coming year," said NASA Administrator Charles
Bolden, who was at MESSENGER mission control at the Johns Hopkins
University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md., as engineers
received telemetry data confirming orbit insertion. "NASA science is
rewriting text books. MESSENGER is a great example of how our
scientists are innovating to push the envelope of human knowledge."

At 9:10 p.m. EDT, engineers Operations Center, received the
anticipated radiometric signals confirming nominal burn shutdown and
successful insertion of the MESSENGER probe into orbit around the
planet Mercury. NASA's MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment,
Geochemistry, and Ranging, or MESSENGER, rotated back to the Earth by
9:45 p.m. EDT, and started transmitting data. Upon review of the
data, the engineering and operations teams confirmed the burn
executed nominally with all subsystems reporting a clean burn and no
logged errors.

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So glad we hadn't been there and done that.
Might have been nice to have watched from the Moon though.
- LRK -

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http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/main/index.html
MESSENGER

NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft successfully achieved orbit around Mercury at approximately 9 p.m. EDT Thursday. This marks the first time a spacecraft has accomplished this engineering and scientific milestone at our solar system's innermost planet.

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Lets hope that Japan will still be able to continue with their planned BepiColomb project forMercury as well.
http://www.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/bepi/index_e.html
http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/area/index.cfm?fareaid=30

Thanks for looking up with me.
- LRK -

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
==============================================================
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28planet%29
Mercury is the innermost and smallest planet in the Solar System,[a] orbiting the Sun once every 87.969 Earth days. The orbit of Mercury has the highest eccentricity of all the Solar System planets, and it has the smallest axial tilt. It completes three rotations about its axis for every two orbits. The perihelion of Mercury's orbit precesses around the Sun at an excess of 43 arcseconds per century; a phenomenon that was explained in the 20th century by Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.[11] Mercury is bright when viewed from Earth, ranging from −2.3 to 5.7 in apparent magnitude, but is not easily seen as its greatest angular separation from the Sun is only 28.3°. Since Mercury is normally lost in the glare of the Sun, unless there is a solar eclipse it can be viewed from Earth's Northern Hemisphere only in morning or evening twilight, while its extreme elongations occur in Declinations south of the celestial equator, such that it can be seen at favorable apparitions from moderate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere in a fully dark sky.
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http://www.spacetoday.org/SolSys/Mercury/MercuryMessenger.html
MESSENGER Explores the Planet Nearest the Sun


After a 2 billion mile cruise and three and a half years, NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft flew within 124 miles of of the planet Mercury on January 14, 2008, pulling itself onto a path that will lead it to orbit our Solar System's innermost planet in 2011.

The MESSENGER flyby was the first visit by a spacecraft to Mercury in three decades.

It took 10 minutes for radio signals from the small interplanetary probe to reach Earth and the flight controllers at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland.

The close approach was necessary for MESSENGER to pick up a gravity assist from Mercury in order to enter orbit around the planet in 2011.

The last and only time a spacecraft flew past Mercury was NASA's Mariner 10 probe in 1975. It mapped about 45 percent of Mercury's surface.

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WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

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Wednesday, November 04, 2009

Hidden Territory on Mercury Revealed

Hidden Territory on Mercury Revealed

SpaceWarper sent me an alert for the recent information about the MESSENGER spacecraft third flyby of Mercury.

I must admit that I have not been following the mission closely.
http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/index.php

My bad, as there are some interesting results and the spacecraft isn't even in orbit yet.
- LRK -

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http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/03nov_hiddenterritory.htm?list1335507
Hidden Territory on Mercury Revealed
11/03/2009

Nov. 3, 2009: The MESSENGER spacecraft's third flyby of the planet Mercury has given scientists, for the first time, an almost complete view of the planet's surface and revealed some dramatic changes in Mercury's comet-like tail.

"The new images remind us that Mercury continues to hold surprises," says Sean Solomon, principal investigator for the mission and director of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.

The probe flew by Mercury on Sept. 29th, executing a critical gravity assist maneuver designed to help MESSENGER enter Mercury-orbit in 2011. Despite shutting down temporarily because of a power system switchover during a solar eclipse, the spacecraft's cameras and instruments revealed 6 percent of the planet's surface never before seen at close range, including this picturesque region pocked by impact craters and molded by volcanic activity:
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IRON AND TITANIUM SURFACE

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http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/1104/p02s10-usgn.html
NASA's Messenger probe reveals new clues about Mercury

Mercury, the oddest of the rocky planets, has been little understood by scientists. But on a swing by the planet, NASA's Messenger sent back intriguing data about Mercury's surface minerals and volcanic activity.

NASA's Mercury mission spacecraft, Messenger, is revolutionizing humanity's view of the first rock from the sun. And its primary science mission hasn't even started yet.

During its third and final flyby of Mercury, NASA's Messenger has found minerals on the planet's surface that current models say shouldn't be there in such abundance. And it appears that the planet
was volcanically active – explosively so – for far longer than current ideas about its geological history suggest.

The flyby took place Sept. 29. Mission scientists unveiled highlights from the flyby during a press briefing Tuesday afternoon.
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Many images and much information.
- LRK -

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http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/news_room/presscon_multi6.html
MESSENGER Teleconference Multimedia Page

Presenter #1
Sean Solomon, MESSENGER Principal Investigator, The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C.

A MESSENGER color observation of Mercury obtained as the spacecraft approached the planet for its third and final flyby on 29 September 2009. The 1000, 700, and 430 nm filters were combined in red, green, and blue to create this color image (approximately 5 km/pixel resolution), the last that will be acquired until MESSENGER goes into orbit around Mercury in March of 2011. Only 6% of Mercury's surface in this image had not been viewed previously by spacecraft, and most of the measurements made by MESSENGER's other instruments during this flyby were made prior to closest approach. The observations nonetheless revealed fresh surprises.

Presenter #2
Ronald J. Vervack, Jr., MESSENGER Participating Scientist, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Md.

Illustration of the major source and loss processes that generate and maintain Mercury’s exosphere. The panels on the left summarize the three primary sources of exospheric material. Photon-stimulated desorption occurs when solar photons excite surface-bound atoms or molecules, releasing them to the exosphere. Sunlight also heats the surface, causing atoms and molecules to evaporate. These are both low-energy processes, so most of the released material reaches only low altitudes and usually returns to the surface. Ion sputtering occurs when ions from the solar wind or Mercury’s magnetosphere impact the surface, “knocking off” atoms and molecules. Meteoroid vaporization occurs when incoming meteoroids, generally small dust
particles, impact Mercury’s surface at high speeds, causing the surface material to vaporize. Both ion sputtering and meteoroid vaporization are high-energy processes, and the released material can reach high altitudes. All material in the exosphere is accelerated in the anti-sunward direction by radiation pressure; atoms and molecules at sufficiently high altitudes for this force to overcome the gravitational influence of the planet enter Mercury’s neutral tail. Neutral constituents in the tail either escape the Mercury system or are ionized by solar radiation. The ionized material can also escape along open magnetic field lines, but some of the ions are returned to the surface by Mercury’s magnetosphere.
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Presenter #3
David J. Lawrence, MESSENGER Participating Scientist,
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Md.

Schematic view of Mercury’s interior showing its large, iron-rich core, which constitutes at least ~60% of the planet’s mass.
Observations from Earth and by MESSENGER at visible and near-infrared wavelengths have shown that Mercury’s surface has a very low concentration of iron (Fe) in silicate minerals, leading to the common view that Mercury’s surface and crust are generally low in iron. A puzzle for investigations of Mercury’s formation and evolution is how a planet with such a large Fe-rich core could form with such an Fe-poor surface?
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Presenter #4
Brett Denevi, MESSENGER Imaging Team member and Postdoctoral Researcher, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz.

Combined image coverage map of Mercury after Mariner 10 and MESSENGER’s first two flybys of Mercury. Although 90% of Mercury’s surface had been imaged after MESSENGER’s second flyby, there was a gap in longitudinal coverage centered at about 60° E.
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[Note: your really want to go to the reference link to see all the images and information I left out. - LRK -]
http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/news_room/presscon_multi6.html

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Why Mercury - First Rock from the Sun.
- LRK -

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http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/why_mercury/index.html
Mercury: The Key to Terrestrial Planet Evolution

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are terrestrial (rocky) planets. Among these, Mercury is an extreme: the smallest, the densest (after correcting for self-compression), the one with the oldest surface, the one with the largest daily variations in surface temperature, and the
least explored. Understanding this "end member" among the terrestrial planets is crucial to developing a better understanding of how the planets in our Solar System formed and evolved. To develop this understanding, the MESSENGER mission, spacecraft, and science instruments are focused on answering six key outstanding questions that will allow us to understand Mercury as a planet. For additional, detailed information about the driving science questions of the MESSENGER mission, check out some of the articles given on the MESSENGER publication list.
http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/the_mission/publications.html
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Read more about the mission.
- LRK -

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http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/the_mission/index.html
The Mission

To become the first spacecraft to orbit Mercury, MESSENGER must follow a path through the inner solar system, including one flyby of Earth, two flybys of Venus, and three flybys of Mercury. This impressive journey is returning the first new spacecraft data from Mercury since
the Mariner 10 mission over 30 years ago. Here you can find details about that journey, the MESSENGER spacecraft, and the instrument payload.

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Thanks for looking up with me.

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
Twitter: http://twitter.com/lrkellogg
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http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/03nov_hiddenterritory.htm?list1335507
Hidden Territory on Mercury Revealed
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The observations also show that calcium and magnesium in the exosphere exhibit different seasonal changes than sodium--a difference that researchers do not yet fully understand. After MESSENGER enters Mercury orbit in 2011, it can make a continuous study of seasonal changes in all exospheric constituents. That will provide key information on the relative importance of the processes that generate, sustain, and modify Mercury's atmosphere.

Approximately 98 percent of Mercury's surface now has been imaged by NASA spacecraft. After MESSENGER goes into orbit, it will see the polar regions, which are the only remaining unobserved areas of the planet.

More images and data from the 3rd flyby.
http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/news_room/presscon_multi6.html

Editor: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA

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http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/index.php -- home page

The MESSENGER project is the seventh in NASA's Discovery Program of low-cost, scientifically focused missions. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory of Laurel, Md., designed, built and operates the spacecraft and manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Science instruments were built by the Applied Physics Laboratory; Goddard; the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor; and the University of Colorado in Boulder. GenCorp Aerojet of Sacramento, Calif., and Composite Optics Inc. of San Diego provided the propulsion system and composite structure.

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http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/links.html
MESSENGER - Related links

The MESSENGER Program

NASA
NASA MESSENGER Site
NASA Science Mission Directorate
NASA Discovery Program
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory – Space Department
Carnegie Institution of Washington
Carnegie Institution of Washington – Department of Terrestrial Magnetism
GenCorp Aerojet
Composite Optics Inc.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
University of Colorado - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
University of Michigan – Solar and Heliospheric Research Group
MESSENGER Education and Outreach Resources
Kennedy Space Center MESSENGER Site
MESSENGER Acronyms and Abbreviations

Mercury Information

“Welcome to the Planets” – Mercury Images
Mercury Links and Resources – National Space Science Data Center
“Mercury Unveiled” – An article by G. Jeffrey Taylor, University of Hawaii
“Mercury Messenger” Newsletter – Lunar and Planetary Institute
Mercury Profile – The Nine Planets

Planetary Exploration Information

Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group
Venus Exploration Analysis Group
Outer Planets Assessment Group
Solar System Exploration Strategy, National Academies
Reports of the NASA Advisory Council Science Subcommittees
BepiColombo Mission - ESA page
BepiColombo Mission - JAXA page
Venus Express Mission

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WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

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Saturday, January 19, 2008

Mercury fly-by a success.

Thanks to your eyes out there, I am reminded that we had a most news
worthy event taking place at planet Mercury.
MESSENGER made a successful fly-by.
- LRK -

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http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/main/index.html
As NASA�s MESSENGER neared Mercury on January 14, 2008, the spacecraft
took this image of the planet�s full crescent. The image shows portions
of Mercury previously seen by Mariner 10, but when Mariner 10 flew by
the planet at each of its encounters, the sun was nearly overhead. For
this MESSENGER flyby, in contrast, the sun is shining obliquely on
regions near the day/night boundary (called the terminator) on the
right-hand side of the crescent, revealing the surface topography. This
image illustrates how MESSENGER, during its future flybys and subsequent
orbital mission, will teach scientists much about the portion of Mercury
already imaged by Mariner 10. Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University
Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
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MESSENGER images of Mercury
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/messenger/multimedia/index.html

Thanks for looking up with me.

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
==============================================================
Did you catch this about the Mercury fly-by?
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/technology/technology.html?in_article_id=508772&in_page_id=1965


Bob MacBird
Conroe, Texas

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http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=205801036
Merury fly-b a success
R. Colin Johnson
EE Times

(01/16/2008 11:49 AM EST)
PORTLAND, Ore. � The U.S. Messenger spacecraft has flown its first
successful fly-by of the planet Mercury.
Messenger, which stands for Mercury Surface Space-Environment
Geochemistry and Ranging, will perform the most detailed survey of the
closest planet to the Sun. Already having flown by Venus, which is
between Earth and Mercury, the spacecraft is now training its
instruments on the final destination--orbit around Mercury in 2011, just
in time to observing the effects of the peak sunspot season.

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http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/
MESSENGER
MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging

January 18, 2008
*MESSENGER�s Mercury Flyby Science Data Now Safely on Earth*

A day after its successful flyby of Mercury, the MESSENGER spacecraft
turned toward Earth on Tuesday and began downloading the 500 megabytes
of data that had been stored on the solid-state recorder during the
encounter. All of those data, including 1,213 images from the Mercury
Dual Imaging System (MDIS) cameras, have now been received by the
Science Operations Center at the Johns Hopkins University Applied
Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md. [more]

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariner_10

Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on November 3, 1973 to fly
by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was launched approximately 2 years
after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program
(Mariner 11 and 12 were redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2). The
mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere,
surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of
Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the
interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet
gravity-assist mission.
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WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

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