Many folks would like to see us back on the Moon and developing its resources.

Wednesday, September 26, 2007

Heinlein in Hollywood - In this week's issue of The Space Review


I know, I often copy items from Jeff Foust's "The Space Revew" but I
find he often has some interesting articles and I don't know if you all
are signed up to receive his e-mail alerts to what he has posted on the
web at - http://www.thespacereview.com/index.html

Having read a few of Heinlein's books of late and having not seen any of
the movies based on them, I was interested in what was said about why
making films about the books was so difficult. My ulterior motive there
was to learn more about what might be the chances of seeing some movies
made about the possibilities of going back to the Moon for an extended
stay that would lead to lunar bases that were extended in size and maybe
had interesting stories to tell.

I have a stack of books on the coffee table that talk about the Apollo
missions, and talk about what would be required for a Lunar Base but I
haven't figured out how to tell an exciting story of building a Moon
Base. If I wanted to write a novel I could sign myself up to a month of
typing and see if I could generate 50,000 words that could later be
worked into something of interest.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
What is NaNoWriMo?
http://www.nanowrimo.org/modules/cjaycontent/index.php?id=2
-------------------------------------------------------------------

Jeroen Lapre is still working on his Maesltrom II movie and making
progress. Hopefully we will soon see that showing. [See e-mail clip below.]
- LRK -

Bob MacBird commented on NASA's trailer on going to the Moon. When you
watch it you see that it ends up with the return craft leaving a lot of
huts behind. This sort of looks like what we did before, run up to the
Moon and then quit. Hope that isn't what happens for the future
missions. Would like to see something developed and not just leave
behind a ghost base on the Moon.
- LRK -

-------------------------------------------------------------------
The entire movie as seen on YouTube:
http://youtube.com/watch?v=L1__6TzLOqo

-------------------------------------------------------------------

More information in the links below.

Thanks for looking up with me.
- LRK -

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
==============================================================
Clipped from Jeff Foust's "The Space Review"
http://www.thespacereview.com/index.html
- LRK -
--------------------------------------------------------------

Welcome to this week's issue of The Space Review:

Space economies and economics
---
Since the beginning of the Space Age advocates of spaceflight have
sought to justify the billions spent on government space programs on
economic grounds. Jeff Foust reports on recent comments by NASA
administrator Mike Griffin on the "Space Economy" and the need for
more partnerships between the public and private sectors.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/962/1

Heinlein in Hollywood
---
Robert A. Heinlein had a significant impact on science fiction and
spaceflight, but his legacy in translating his works to the big and
small screen is mixed at best. Dwayne Day examines that record and
why such adaptations have been so difficult.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/961/1

Still crazy after four decades: The case for withdrawing from the
1967 Outer Space Treaty
---
It's been 40 years since the signing of the Outer Space Treaty, one
of the cornerstones of international space law. John Hickman
describes how the treaty has hindered, not supported, the development
and settlement of space, and why it may now be time to scrap it.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/960/1

Please, Mr. Bezos
---
Blue Origin, the space venture founded by Amazon.com's Jeff Bezos,
has operated under a shroud of secrecy. Taylor Dinerman argues that
it would do the company, and the industry, some good to be a little
more open.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/959/1

Review: Two Shadows on the Moon
---
As luck would have it, a documentary film about the Apollo Moon
landings shares a title with a new book on the same topic. Jeff
Foust reviews the two and finds that despite the different media, the
two have much more in common than their titles.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/958/1

Snip
==============================================================
http://www.thespacereview.com/archive.html
Articles previously published in The Space Review:

[Check them out if you are not on Jeff's e-mail list. - LRK -]
Snip
==============================================================
Dear Maesltrom II Crew, Consultants, and Friends,

I am pleased to inform you that the first third of the Maelstrom II edit
is locked!

The website has been updated with these latest animatics:

http://www.distant-galaxy.com/maelstrom2/MaelstromII.html

There is now a link in the left sidebar called Animatics.
You may need to refresh your browser to see the updates.

Click on the Animatics link to go to the animatics page.

Now that these shots have been locked, this means that we can assign
visual effects tasks for the shots, toward the completion of the film.

Best wishes,

--
-jeroen lapre
digital artist
www.ilm.com

Snip
==============================================================
Fred Becker brought this list of links on why we should explore space to
a committee we are on.
See if any of them has information that might help you answer the TOUGH
QUESTIONS by the MEDIA and PUBLIC.
- LRK -
--------------------------------------------------------------
Planetary Society
Why We Explore
by James D. Burke
James D. Burke is Technical Editor of The Planetary Report.
http://www.planetary.org/explore/why.html

NASA
Why We Explore
(Note this is archived, the current site lists only the planetary items).
http://www.nasa.gov/missions/solarsystem/whywe_archives.html
Current Version
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/exploration/whyweexplore/

NASA
Mike Griffin
http://www.airspacemag.com/issues/2007/june-july/Uncommentary.php

Why America Needs to Explore Space
By Neil deGrasse Tyson
Published: August 5, 2007
http://www.parade.com/articles/editions/2007/edition_08-05-2007/Space
http://www.badastronomy.com/bablog/2007/08/06/neil-tyson-on-exploring-space/


Why Explore Space?
By Dr. Ernst Stuhlinger
Member of the Alexander Order
http://www.meaus.com/whyExplore.html

NSS Statement of Philosophy
http://www.nss.org/about/philosophy.html

A Business Plan for the Development of the Langrange Points:
The Gateway to the High Frontier
Jay Thomas
Steven J. Neurauter
http://ssi.org/?page_id=46

4 Frontiers Library
Numerous documents along these lines.
http://www.4frontierscorp.com/library/document_publications.php

Apollo 11
The July 16, 1969 Launch: A Symbol of Man's Greatness
By Ayn Rand
Excerpted from "Apollo 11," The Objectivist, September, 1969
http://www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer?pagename=objectivism_apollo11

Space Quotes to Ponder
Collected by Sylvia Engdahl
To survive
To preserve Earth
To eliminate war
To grow
Time is running out...
To evolve
...To achieve the goal visionaries have foreseen
http://www.spacequotes.com/

Space and Human Survival
A serious links page about this subject.
http://www.sylviaengdahl.com/space/survival.htm#links

Snip
==============================================================

WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

==============================================================

Thursday, September 20, 2007

Future Shock - where to now?

Alvin Toffler wrote "Future Shock" back in 1970, and in it he describes
how the rapid and accelerating changes were affecting how we live and
think. The concern was that we would not be able to adapt to all of
these changes. I am finding it very interesting to read again and see
that we are changing even more than predicted.

When I got out of the Navy in 1983 I found that you could be out of date
with your knowledge and skills very quickly if you didn't continually
keep updating yourself on what was the latest technology. PCs started
coming out and you could sell a different one almost every weekend while
looking for something to do after the Navy.

Since 1995 it seems that there has been an explosion of material
available on the Internet. Now in 2007 I find that as I learn what being
a fifth grader is all about with our watching the grandchildren, that
much has changed. We are doing Internet searches and writing reports
with Microsoft Word, along with copying hand drawn pictures into
Photoshop and putting them into the reports. The ten year old was
showing me where the spell checker was and how you could tell it to quit
checking some name as spelled wrong. The sixth grader's teacher uses an
overhead projector connected to a computer to display material on the
white board and he can interact with the material while standing in
front of the class. No felt tips, no chalk dust, all of his lesson plans
and material on the computer available without having to leave the front
of the room.

We saw Google Moon and could zoom into the swiss cheese, now updated
with more information and images.
http://www.google.com/moon/
http://www.google.com/jobs/lunar_job.html

Add to this a bundle of money available to an X-Prize winner who can
send a robot mission to the Moon. Soon the Internet will be serving up
info from the Moon, and maybe available to the Lunar Base on their
secure local area network. Will I be able to tap into the network and
broadcast links to other bases? Send live data back to everyone?

NASA is looking for new astronauts. Will the students be ready and
interested?

Check out the Space Report ("JSR") and see all the launches that
happened last month.

Looks like a number of businesses are interested in looking up.

And if you have the time and bandwidth you may be set thinking by
watching "Did You Know?", from the University of Minnesota
<http://www1.umn.edu/twincities/01_about.php>.
https://umconnect.umn.edu/didyouknow

Interesting video they put together about where we are and what is changing.
- LRK -

Thanks for looking up with me.
- LRK -

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
==============================================================
http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=23546*
NASA Opens Applications for New Astronaut Class
*

*PRESS RELEASE*
*Date Released:* Tuesday, September 18, 2007
Source: NASA HQ <http://www.nasa.gov/>

HOUSTON - NASA is accepting applications for the 2009 Astronaut
Candidate Class. Those selected could fly to space for long-duration
stays on the International Space Station and missions to the moon.

"We look forward to gathering applications and then being able to select
from the largest pool possible," said Ellen Ochoa, NASA's chief of
Flight Crew Operations at the Johnson Space Center. "Continuing our
impressive record in successfully carrying out challenging human
spaceflight missions depends on maintaining a talented and diverse
astronaut corps."

To be considered, a bachelor's degree in engineering, science or math
and three years of relevant professional experience are required.
Typically, successful applicants have significant qualifications in
engineering or science, or extensive experience flying high-performance
jet aircraft.

Teaching experience, including work at the kindergarten through 12th
grade level, is considered qualifying. Educators with the appropriate
educational background are encouraged to apply.

After a six-month period of evaluation and interviews, NASA will
announce final selections in early 2009. Astronaut candidates will
report to Johnson in the summer of 2009 to begin the basic training
program to prepare them for future spaceflight assignments.

NASA will accept applications through July 1, 2008. To apply visit:

http://www.usajobs.gov

Additional information about the Astronaut Candidate Program is
available by calling the Astronaut Selection Office at 281-483-5907 or
by visiting:

http://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/recruit.html

Snip
==============================================================
http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html

The Space Report ("JSR") is issued about twice a month. It describes all
space launches, including both piloted missions and automated
satellites. Back issues are available online
<http://planet4589.org/space/jsr/back>. To receive the JSR each week by
direct email, send a message to majordomo@host.planet4589.org, with a
blank subject line and message body containing the single line
"subscribe jsr". Feel free to reproduce the JSR as long as you're not
doing it for profit. If you are doing so regularly, please inform
Jonathan by email. Comments, suggestions, and corrections are
encouraged. You can mail Jonathan McDowell at *jcm at host.planet4589.org*.

Jonathan's Space Report
No. 585 2007 Sep 19, Somerville
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Shuttle and Station
-------------------

Endeavour landed on runway 15 at Kennedy Space Center at 1632 UTC on Aug
21. The deorbit burn at 1525 UTC lowered the orbit from 336 x 347 km to
about -28 x 342 km; landing mass was 100878 kg.

On Aug 30 the PMA-3 docking port was moved from Unity's port side to its
nadir side, freeing the port side for use by the Harmony module to be
launched on STS-120. The Canadarm-2 was used to unberth PMA-3 about 1215
UTC and reattach it at 1309 UTC.

Proton failure
--------------

A Krunichev Proton-M rocket failed just after second stage ignition on
Sep 6, destroying the Japanese JCSAT-11 communications satellite
payload. Proton-M serial 53522 took off from complex 39 at area 200 with
JCSAT-11 and the Briz-M No. 88522 upper stage. The first stage separated
2 min after launch. It seems there was some kind of problem with second
stage ignition, and the vehicle fell back to Earth from an altitude of
around 75 km.


JCSAT-11 was a Lockheed Martin A2100 series satellite with a launch mass
of 4007 kg.

Kosmos-2427
-----------

Russia's Kosmos-2427 Kobal't-M class imaging satellite, launched on June 7,
landed around 2100 UTC on Aug 22 after 76 days. Two objects, 2007-22D and E,
separated in orbit prior to the recovery from a 178 x 350 km x 67.1 deg orbit.

Insat 4CR

[And much more, see web site if you don't get Jonathan's posts. - LRK -]

Snip
==============================================================
http://www.universetoday.com/2007/09/18/google-moon-gets-a-big-update/
Google Moon Gets a Big Update

Written by Fraiser Cain

When Google Moon was released last year, it was a bit of a joke. Google
Earth, but for the Moon. Zoom in far enough and the familiar lunar
craters were replaced with swiss cheese. The time for silliness is over,
Google Moon has gotten an update, and they're making it a serious
learning tool this time around. The website incorporates photographs
from orbiters and the Apollo missions to let you zoom in and out,
exploring the Moon.

Head over to Google Moon <http://www.google.com/moon/>, and follow
along. You can change the view between Charts, Apollo, Visible and
Elevation. All of the Apollo landing sites are marked on the map, so you
can click each one to get more information.

Zoom in all the way, and you don't see swiss cheese anymore. Instead you
see the most detailed images available from NASA showing high resolution
details about the landing sites. Each landing site has more than 10
additional detailed place markers, showing points of interest about the
mission.

Snip
==============================================================
Some links from The Space Review - LRK -
--------------------------------------------------------------------

Welcome to this week's issue of The Space Review:

Google's moonshot
---
Last week Google and the X Prize Foundation rolled out a prize for a
privately-developed lunar rover. Jeff Foust reports on the
announcement and analyses the challenges any competitors will face in
trying to win the prize.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/957/1

Gallery: Google Lunar X Prize at NextFest
---
A selection of images from the Google Lunar X Prize announcement and
other events at the Wired NextFest event last Thursday in Los Angeles.
http://www.thespacereview.com/gallery/20

Finishing the space station
---
After years of delays and threats of cancellation, the International
Space Station is finally entering the home stretch of its assembly
phase. Taylor Dinerman reviews the challenges the station program
has faced, both technical and programmatic.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/956/1

From the European garage
---
When a European company rolled out its entry into the suborbital
space tourism sweepstakes, it was dismissive of entrepreneurial,
largely American ventures. Bob Clarebrough argues that European
companies could learn a lesson or two from American garage tinkerers.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/955/1

It's Solar System Ambassador time!
---
JPL is recruiting a new class of "ambassadors" designed to educate
the public about space exploration. Tom Hill describes the program
and explains why you should sign up.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/954/1


Snip

We appreciate any feedback you may have about these articles as well as
any other questions, comments, or suggestions about The Space Review.
We're also actively soliciting articles to publish in future issues, so
if you have an article or article idea that you think would be of
interest, please email me.

Until next week,

Jeff Foust
Editor, The Space Review
jeff@thespacereview.com

Snip
==============================================================
http://www.nss.org/settlement/moon/xprize.html
Google Lunar X Prize Video
Snip
==============================================================
http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/007292.html
Japan's Selene satellite aims to get best Moon views yet

Emily Gertz <http://www.worldchanging.com/emily_bio.html>
September 19, 2007 3:26 PM

I love space exploration -- the promise of new science and new
information about the world(s) around us is so bracing! -- so I'm happy
to note today's successful launch by Japan of a Moon exploration
satellite around 10:30 local time from the Tanegashima Space Center.
According to news@nature.com
<http://www.nature.com/news/2007/070910/full/070910-12.html;jsessionid=B7D2CBD8DA1ED55F7C4B65CA2FDC6598>,
"The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is calling it the biggest
lunar mission since NASA's Apollo programme. The JPY 32 billion (US$279
million) satellite, called the Selenological and Engineering Explorer
(SELENE), will survey the Moon's mineralogy, topology and gravity
gradients."

What most Americans don't know, and perhaps other nationals as well, is
that the Apollo missions did not fully map the Moon. So SELENE will be
sending back a lot of new data via 15 different devices on board, from
"an X-ray spectrometer and a gamma-ray spectrometer for mapping the
Moon's surface in unrivalled detail, and a terrain camera, laser
altimeter and radar sounder that will provide surface and subsurface
data for studying the Moon's tectonic history." SELENE may help us
finally solve the puzzle of where the Moon actually came from, as well
as being an advance guard towards a proposed Japanese moon base.

Snip
==============================================================
http://www.lpod.org/index.php?paged=11
LPOD lunar photo of the day <http://www.lpod.org/>
September 10, 2007
Filed under: map <http://www.lpod.org/?cat=18>, names
<http://www.lpod.org/?cat=19>, humans on Moon
<http://www.lpod.org/?cat=26> � chuckwood @ 12:06 am

US-1 AND OTHER SIGNPOSTS <http://www.lpod.org/?p=1377>
If you are going to the Moon you need more names than are required for
Earthly observers. In preparation for their rehearsal of Apollo 11�s
landing, the Apollo 10 crew created more than 40 informal placenames to
use as landmarks and to communicate to the mission controllers in
Houston where they were on approach to the Apollo 11 landing site (IIP-6
on the chart). The names are either descriptive - /The Trio, Sidewinder
Rille, and The Cape/, or personal / Marilyn/ is Jim Lovell�s wife, /
Weatherford/ is the town where Tom Stafford was born, and /SP Crater/ is
a crater near Flagstaff, AZ, which the astronauts undoubtedly visited
during their training. Once again, perhaps these names would have been
lost except for Phil Stooke�s recovery and inclusion of them in his new
/The International Atlas of Lunar Exploration
<http://publish.uwo.ca/%7Epjstooke/atlas.htm>/. I thank Phil for sharing
with LPOD in advance of publication of his book!

/Chuck Wood/
Snip
==============================================================

WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

==============================================================

Saturday, September 15, 2007

And the winner is ---

Eric Turkewitz # 9/15/2007 07:35:00 PM
<http://www.newyorkpersonalinjuryattorneyblog.com/2007/09/and-winner-is.html>
posted a bit about his brother winning a screenwriting competion.
Are you writing about actions that take place on the Moon too?
- LRK -
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.newyorkpersonalinjuryattorneyblog.com/2007/09/and-winner-is.html
Saturday, September 15, 2007

And the Winner Is...
Two weeks ago I wrote that my kid brother was a finalist in a
screenwriting competition
<http://www.newyorkpersonalinjuryattorneyblog.com/2007/08/my-brothers-screenplay
-is-finalist.html
>.
Today, he took the gold prize
<http://www.internationalscreenwritingawards.com/2007-winners-alt.asp>
in the Sci-Fi/Fantasy category for Tranquility Base, beating 281 other
entrants in his category. Not too shabby.

So when I wrote last time that he needed an agent, I wasn't kidding.
---------------------------------------------
About the script:
Tranquility Base is the story of astronauts stranded in space in 2040.
The action moves between the International Space Station, a Space
Transport Plane, and a Moon Base Biosphere, as 15 astronauts struggle to
secure the six available spots in the self-sustaining environment of the
Moon Base. A combination of 2001: A Space Odyssey and Survivor,
Tranquility Base examines the challenges man faces when his desire to
help others conflicts with his instinct for survival.
Snip

http://www.internationalscreenwritingawards.com/2007-winners-alt.asp
-------------------------------------------------

I know there are other winners out there too.
- LRK -

Good to see folks writing about the being on the Moon.
Maybe that will help make it happen for real.
- LRK -

Thanks for looking up with me.
- LRK -

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
==============================================================
This one page pdf has a nice diagram of the track to the Moon - LRK -
--------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.jaxa.jp/countdown/f13/topics/pdf/0916_0227_va1_e.pdf
September 16, 2007 (JST)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
KAGUYA (SELENE)
Orbit Control Error Correction Maneuver (�Va1)
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plans to carry out an orbit
control error correction
maneuver (�Va1) for the KAGUYA (SELENE) from around 08:00a.m.on September
16, 2007
(Japan Standard Time, JST.)
You can also check this information on the following Special site:
http://www.jaxa.jp/countdown/f13/
http://www.jaxa.jp/countdown/f13/index_e.html

Snip

==============================================================
Thought I would ask Google about 'Lunar stories' and the reply was ...
--------------------------------------------------------------
http://uplink.space.com/showthreaded.php?Cat=&Board=scifi&Number=24345&page=0&view=collapsed&sb=1&o=0

kadetken
*rock*
08/15/04 07:50 PM

All of the above recommendations are good.

I'll throw my top five Lunar stories into the mix. The ones that really left an
impression on me were:

1) "The Moon is Hell", John Campbell
(surviving while stranded on the Moon. It's harsh)

2) "Moon Monkeys", Wen Spencer
(you laugh your a** off through the story, but when you find out why you feel
like an a**. This one is really, really good)

3) "The Moon is a Harsh Mistress", Robert Heinlein
(a bit too much of the deus ex machina that Heinlein liked so much, though)

4) "The Sentinel", Arthur C. Clarke
(the man signed my diploma, I gotta pay my props. I also liked
"Earthshine" and "A Fall of Moondust". It's about time for another Moon
story)

5) "Ice" Shane Johnson
(The idea of Christian-themed sci-fi was intriguing, and the book
does raise some interesting questions. A bit much in the deus ex
machina department [duh!], but it's a good sci-fi yarn, and I'm glad
that going to the Moon isn't beyond the pale of Christian thought)

Runners up include:
"Back to the Moon", Homer Hickam

"Project Avalon", B. Alexander Howerton
(this one has a rich industrialist deus ex machina, but does offer
an intriguing puzzle. Lay six matches on a table, the goal is to
arrange them to make four triangles.)

"Growing up Weightless", John Ford

"Moonbase"/"Moonwar", Ben Bova
(this one has a nanotech deus ex machina but is fun beach reading. He also
wrote "Millenium")

"Stowaway to the Moon: The Camelot Odyssey", Richard Shelton
(this is a great boy's adventure tale. There's no deus ex here, just a plucky
young lad and a crew of astronaut heroes!)

There are a lot of others. Our Moon has a rich amount of sci-fi associated with
it.
Snip
==============================================================
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/08/070814-lunar-ark.html
'Lunar Ark' Proposed in Case of Deadly Impact on Earth

Kevin Holden Platt
for National Geographic News <http://news.nationalgeographic.com>
August 14, 2007

The moon should be developed as a sanctuary for civilization in case of
a cataclysmic cosmic impact, according to an international team of
experts. NASA already has blueprints to create a permanent lunar outpost
by the 2020s. (Read: "Moon Base Announced by NASA"
<http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/12/061204-moon-base.html>
[December 4, 2006].)

But that plan should be expanded to include a way to preserve humanity's
learning, culture, and technology if Earth is hit by a doomsday asteroid
or comet, said Jim Burke of International Space University (ISU) in France.

Burke, once a project manager on some of the earliest American lunar
landings, now heads an ISU study on surviving a collision with a
near-Earth object.

Snip
==============================================================

WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

==============================================================

KAGUYA (SELENE) on its way to the Moon and doing well.

Two posts from JAXA MAIL SERVICE copied below if you have not already
signed up for them.

Paul Hasselgren suggests that there is a need for a Lunar Standard Time.
See his note below as well.

And along the lines of fairy tail wishes and stories folks have posted
headlines that say 'UK Astronauts on the Moon by 2020', which sounds
like an new entry into those talking about going to the Moon. Then you
read on that it is just urgings by some, still the squeaky wheel may get
the oil and we can hope there will be more interested in looking up.
----------------------------------------------
http://ukpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5gExXLG2bEppl_N7sfTOUI-0e2BAQ
UK astronauts 'on moon by 2020s'

British astronauts sporting Union flags on their space suits could be
walking on the moon by the 2020s if ministers follow proposals set out
by a Government agency working group.

A report from the panel of scientists and industry experts, appointed by
the British National Space Centre, urges the UK to start preparing for
future manned space missions.

Failure to do so could result in Britain being left behind as countries
around the world head into space, it is claimed.

If the plans are implemented, it will mark a complete turnaround of UK
space policy.

Snip
----------------------------------------------

Wonder what it will take to get more folks interested in finding new
places to explore and possibly settle?

Thanks for looking up with me.
- LRK -

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
==============================================================

----------------------------------------------------------------------
*** JAXA MAIL SERVICE ***
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
----------------------------------------------------------------------
KAGUYA (SELENE)
Deployment of the High-Gain Antenna

September 15, 2007 (JST)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) confirmed that the
deployment of the high-gain antenna of the lunar explorer "KAGUYA"
(SELENE) had been successfully performed through telemetry data
received at 6:52 p.m. on September 14, 2007 (Japan Standard Time, JST.)
The high-gain antenna plays a key role in communications between the
satellite and the Earth.

We have also acquired image data taken by the KAGUYA onboard camera at
10:53 p.m. (JST.)

The satellite is currently in good health.

An image of the high-gain antenna deployment taken by the onboard
camera is attached below.

We are preparing for the satellite injection into lunar orbit, and you
can check our operation status in the following Special Site:
?http://www.jaxa.jp/countdown/f13/index_e.html?

Attachment
http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2007/09/20070915_kaguya_e.html#at


This page URL:
http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2007/09/20070915_kaguya_e.html
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Publisher : Public Affairs Department
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Marunouchi Kitaguchi Building,
1-6-5, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8260
Japan
TEL:+81-3-6266-6400

JAXA WEB SITE :
http://www.jaxa.jp/index_e.html

About This Mail Service :
To change registered e-mail address, or to cancel this service,
please access to
http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/mail/index_e.html

Snip
==============================================================

----------------------------------------------------------------------
*** JAXA MAIL SERVICE ***
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
----------------------------------------------------------------------
KAGUYA (SELENE)
Deployment Status of the Solar Array Paddle

September 15, 2007 (JST)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) confirmed that the
deployment of the solar array paddle of the "KAGUYA" (SELENE) had been
successfully performed at 11:44 a.m. on September 14 (Japan Standard
Time, JST) through signals and power generation data from the
satellite, as we had explained at the post-launch press conference.

We have acquired an image of the paddle deployment at 11:13 p.m. on
the same day (JST) as attached below.

You can also find the image in the following Special Site.
?http://www.jaxa.jp/countdown/f13/index_e.html?

Attachment
http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2007/09/20070915_kaguya-2_e.html#at


This page URL:
http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2007/09/20070915_kaguya-2_e.html
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Publisher : Public Affairs Department
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Marunouchi Kitaguchi Building,
1-6-5, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8260
Japan
TEL:+81-3-6266-6400

JAXA WEB SITE :
http://www.jaxa.jp/index_e.html

About This Mail Service :
To change registered e-mail address, or to cancel this service,
please access to
http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/mail/index_e.html

Snip
==============================================================
Paul Hasselgren sent this bit for those going to the Moon to consider,
well maybe for anyone who is thinking about going to the Moon as well. -
LRK -
--------------------------------------------------------

Dear Larry,

Some day, we will colonize the Moon. Colonists will live their everyday
lives, going to work, leaving kids at daycare centers, making
appointments, and so on. Assuming that periods of daylight are of
importance, living by a terrestrial clock (e.g. UTC) is not really an
option - colonists need a calendar that makes sense to them. We propose
the LST.

We are LunarClock.org, a non-profit organization, and our mission is to
promote and develop the Lunar Calendar and Standard Time (LST). We
provide the current time (LST), information on the LST, a conversion
tool (Terrestrial time to LST) and a javascript driven real time clock for
incorporating in other websites. These things are continuously
developed. We also supply help with converting dates and customizing
scripts for other websites - all in the interest of promoting the LST
and all free of charge of course.

Whether or not you decide on bringing the LST to the attention of your
audience, I would still like to thank you for your time.

Kind regards,

Paul Hasselgren
LunarClock.org
------------------------------------------------
http://www.lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=LunarClock.org
LunarClock.org

LunarClock.org is a non-profit organization and our mission is to
promote and develop the Lunar Calendar and Standard Time
<http://www.lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Lunar_standard_time> (LST).
In the interest of promoting the LST, we provide:

* The current time (LST)
* Information on the LST
* A conversion tool (Earth time to LST)
* Downloadable material for incorporating in other websites
* Help with converting dates and customizing scripts for other websites

Links

LunarClock.org <http://lunarclock.org>

--82.209.135.84
<http://www.lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=User:82.209.135.84&action=edit>
19:58, 28 August 2007 (UTC) Paul Hasselgren

Snip
==============================================================
WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK
==============================================================

Thursday, September 13, 2007

The H-IIA Launch Vehicle No.13 lifted off at 10:31:01 a.m. JST on Sep. 14, 2007 from the Tanegashima Space Center.


---------------------------------------------------------
http://h2a.mhi.co.jp/en/f13/countdown/index.html

2007-09-14 11:16
KAGUYA (SELENE) separation
The separation of KAGUYA (SELENE) was confirmed.
This is the end of the Countdown Report.
Snip
---------------------------------------------------------

Japan has a spacecraft on its way to the Moon and Google announces a $30
million Lunar X PRIZE, send your own robotic mission to the Moon.

Should be interesting times, pass it on, talk it up, dream on.

Thanks for looking up with me.
- LRK -

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
==============================================================
Larry,

I thought you would be interested in this.

Google Sponsors Lunar X PRIZE to Create a Space Race for a New Generation

http://biz.yahoo.com/iw/070913/0301400.html

Best wishes,

David

Snip
==============================================================
http://www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUSN1334455520070914?pageNumber=1&sp
=true

REUTERS
Google sponsors moon landing prize
Thu Sep 13, 2007 9:37pm EDT

By Irene Klotz

CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida (Reuters) - Web search leader Google Inc. will
sponsor a $30 million competition for an unmanned lunar landing,
following up on the $10 million Ansari X Prize that spurred a private
sector race to space.

Like the Ansari X Prize, which was claimed in 2004 by aircraft designer
Burt Rutan and financier Paul Allen for a pair of flights by
SpaceShipOne, the Google Lunar X Prize is open to private industry and
non-government entities worldwide, organizers said before an official
announcement on Thursday.

First prize is $20 million for the group that can land a lunar rover --
an unmanned robotic probe -- on the moon, take it on a 500 meter (1,640
ft) trek and broadcast video back to Earth by December 31, 2012.

The prize falls to $15 million if the landing takes place by December
31, 2014.

Snip
==============================================================
http://www.mercurynews.com/google/ci_6883548
Google sponsors race to the moon

By Elise Ackerman
Mercury News
Article Launched: 09/13/2007 10:57:19 AM PDT

Google announced today it is sponsoring a $30 million robotic race to
the moon, organized by the X PRIZE Foundation, a Santa Monica non-profit
famous for issuing multimillion-dollar scientific challenges.

A $20 million grand prize will go to the first team that lands a
privately funded spacecraft on the moon and carries out certain tasks.
Google is also offering a second prize of $5 million and bonus prizes of
$5 million for teams meet additional challenges, such as finding lunar ice.

Peter Diamandis, chief executive of the X PRIZE Foundation, said in a
statement that the goal of the competition is to stimulate the
development of low-cost methods for robotic space exploration.

"The use of space has dramatically enhanced the quality of life and may
ultimately lead to solutions to some of the most pressing environmental
problems that we face on earth - energy independence and climate
change," Diamandis said.

"I'm happy to see it happening, and I hope somebody wins it, I really
do," said Steven W. Squyres, an astronomy professor at Cornell
University and the principal investigator for science payload for NASA's
rover mission to Mars.

Snip
==============================================================
http://www.jaxa.jp/countdown/f13/index_e.html
Launch Postponement of the KAGUYA (SELENE)/H-IIA F13
[September 11, 2007 Updated]

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. and the Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency would like to announce that we have decided to postpone the
launch of the Lunar Orbit Explorer "KAGUYA" (SELENE) by H-IIA Launch
Vehicle No. 13 (H-IIA F13) as adverse weather conditions are expected
during the scheduled countdown operations starting from one day prior to
the launch day.

The new launch date will be September 14 (Fri,) 2007 (Japan Standard
Time, JST.) The launch time is scheduled for 10:31:01 a.m. (JST.)

We will re-examine the weather and other conditions tomorrow for the
launch on the 14th.

The launch was previously scheduled for September 13 (Thu,) 2007 (JST.)

KAGUYA/H-IIA F13 to be launched at 10:31:01 a.m. on Sep. 14, 2007 (JST)

Snip
------------------------
http://h2a.mhi.co.jp/en/f13/*
Launch of the KAGUYA (SELENE) by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No.13 (Sep 12, 2007)

*
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. and the Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency would like to announce that we have decided to carry out the
launch of the Lunar Orbit Explorer "KAGUYA" (SELENE) by H-IIA Launch
Vehicle No. 13 (H-IIA F13) on September 14 (Fri), 2007, (Japan Standard
Time, JST,) as we informed you yesterday. The scheduled launch time is
10:31:01 a.m. (JST.)

Snip
==============================================================

Target Moon: Japan's Kaguya Probe Set for Lunar Mission

http://bcast1.imaginova.com/t?r=2&ctl=1C989:4A48D

Larry Klaes

Snip
-----------------
http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/070912_techwed_kaguyamoon.html
*Target Moon: Japan's Kaguya Probe Set for Lunar Mission

**By Tariq Malik <http://www.space.com/php/contactus/feedback.php?r=tm>*
Staff Writer
posted: 12 September 2007
7:00 a.m. ET

Japan's massive Kaguya lunar orbiter stands poised to launch spaceward
this week on a mission that, researchers hope, will unlock the secrets
of the moon.

Equipped with a veritable arsenal of science instruments and two baby
satellites, the three-ton moon probe is set to liftoff from Japan early
Friday (Local Time) on a one-year mission to Earth's nearest neighbor.

"The Japanese people are very interested in this mission," said Shinichi
Sobue, Kaguya's science coordinator and public outreach for the Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). "Kaguya, or SELENE, is our first
mission for really observing the moon."

Japan launched a previous lunar mission in 1990, but the flight served
primarily as a technology demonstrator, Sobue told /SPACE.com/. That
mission -- dubbed Muses-A -- sent the Hiten spacecraft on a series of
lunar flybys and orbits, released the small microsatellite Hagoromo and
intentionally crashed into the moon's surface in 1993.

Snip
==============================================================
Mr. Kellogg:

I am sure you saw this:

http://www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUST11303420070914?feedType=RSS&feed
Name=scienceNews&rpc=22&sp=true


Bob MacBird

Conroe, Texas

Snip
-----------------
REUTERS

Japan's lunar "princess" shoots for the moon
Thu Sep 13, 2007 11:14pm EDT
By Teruaki Ueno

TOKYO (Reuters) - Japan launched its first lunar probe on Friday,
nicknamed Kaguya after a fairy-tale princess, in the latest move in a
new race with China, India and the United States to explore the moon.

The rocket carrying the three-tonne orbiter took off into blue skies,
leaving a huge trail of vapor over the tiny island of Tanegashima, about
1,000 km (620 miles) south of Tokyo, at 10:31 a.m. (9:31 p.m. EDT) as it
headed out over the Pacific Ocean.

The long-delayed lunar explorer separated from the rocket in skies near
Chile about 45 minutes after lift off. It is to orbit the Earth twice
and then travel 380,000 km (237,500 miles) to the moon.

Snip
==============================================================

----------------------------------------------------------------------
*** JAXA MAIL SERVICE ***
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Launch Result of the KAGUYA (SELENE)
by the H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 13 (H-IIA F13)

September 14, 2007 (JST)
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. and the Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency (JAXA) launched the Lunar Orbit Explorer "KAGUYA" (SELENE) by
the H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 13 (H-IIA F13) at 10:31:01 a.m. on
September 14, 2007 (Japan Standard Time, JST) from the Tanegashima
Space Center.

The launch vehicle flew smoothly, and, at about 45 minutes and 34
seconds after liftoff, the separation of the KAGUYA was confirmed.

We would like to express our profound appreciation for the cooperation
and support of all related personnel and organizations that helped
contribute to the successful launch of the KAGUYA aboard the H-IIA F13.

At the time of the launch, the weather was clear, a wind speed was
5.9 m/second from the East South East, and the temperature was 29.8
degrees Celsius.

This information is also available on the following Special Site.
http://www.jaxa.jp/countdown/f13/index_e.html
http://h2a.mhi.co.jp/en/f13/index.html


This page URL:
http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2007/09/20070914_h2a-f13_e.html
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Publisher : Public Affairs Department
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Marunouchi Kitaguchi Building,
1-6-5, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8260
Japan
TEL:+81-3-6266-6400

JAXA WEB SITE :
http://www.jaxa.jp/index_e.html

About This Mail Service :
To change registered e-mail address, or to cancel this service,
please access to
http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/mail/index_e.html

Snip
==============================================================
WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK
==============================================================

Tuesday, September 11, 2007

Once upon a time, as stories often begin, there were missions to the Moon.

Looking for an ending to this story.
- LRK -

Sometimes I read about going back to the Moon and I think I am listening
to a fairy tale, just something to entertain me for a short time but not
something that will really happen.

Frank Sietzen writes on The Space Review:
-----------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/953/1

How to save your Vision
by Frank Sietzen, Jr.
Monday, September 10, 2007

In William Shakespeare's Henry V there is a telling scene that is
instructive to all space geeks of our modern age. In it, two sorcerers
gather around a bubbling caldron. One is a newbie upstart named Owen
Glendower. The other a world-weary experienced pro named Hotspur. "I can
call spirits from the vasty deep!" Glendower exults. The crafty old pro
knows such a skill has limits. "Why so can I, so can any man," he
wearily replies to his young friend. "But will they come when you do
call for them?"
Snip
-----------------------------------------------------------------

"But will they come when you do call for them?"
A good question, don't you think?

"We can go to the Moon," so they say, but will they go?

So many plans over the years that never got funded or the funding
removed after you have started down the path.

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency announced that the planned launch
to the Moon has been delayed, but only for weather.

They are hoping to launch September 14 (Fri,) 2007 (Japan Standard Time,
JST.)

[See clip below or go to
http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2007/09/20070911_h2a-f13_e.html ]

Wish them well and hope we see great things from their mission to the Moon.

Would like to see the fairy tales turn into real life happenings.

Thanks for looking up with me.
- LRK -

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
==============================================================

How to save your Vision
---
The Vision for Space Exploration has been mired in debates and
suffered from lukewarm support in the last couple of years, raising
questions about its long-term viability. Frank Sietzen explains what
NASA needs to do to restore interest in and momentum for its
exploration plans.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/953/1

Snip
==============================================================
Post today from JAXA MAIL SERVICE says another delay but only for
weather. - LRK -

----------------------------------------------------------------------
*** JAXA MAIL SERVICE ***
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Launch Postponement of the KAGUYA (SELENE)
by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 13

September 11, 2007 (JST)
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. and the Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency would like to announce that we have decided to postpone the
launch of the Lunar Orbit Explorer "KAGUYA" (SELENE) by H-IIA Launch
Vehicle No. 13 (H-IIA F13) as adverse weather conditions are expected
during the scheduled countdown operations starting from one day prior
to the launch day.

The new launch date will be September 14 (Fri,) 2007 (Japan Standard
Time, JST.) The launch time is scheduled for 10:31:01 a.m. (JST.)
We will re-examine the weather and other conditions tomorrow for the
launch on the 14th.

The launch was previously scheduled for September 13 (Thu,) 2007 (JST.)

This page URL:
http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2007/09/20070911_h2a-f13_e.html
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Publisher : Public Affairs Department
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Marunouchi Kitaguchi Building,
1-6-5, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8260
Japan
TEL:+81-3-6266-6400

JAXA WEB SITE :
http://www.jaxa.jp/index_e.html

About This Mail Service :
To change registered e-mail address, or to cancel this service,
please access to
http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/mail/index_e.html

Snip
==============================================================
WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK
==============================================================

Tuesday, September 04, 2007

Lunar Base Construction

Some of the links below would indicate that there is interest in building a
Lunar Base and that it will provide much work for those involved in
actually designing a base and figuring out how to go about constructing one.

I included the references from Haym Benaroya's, 2002. Engineering,
Design and Construction of Lunar Bases
paper with PDF link if you care
to down load and read the 13 page document. Just looking at the topics
of the many references will give you an idea of what needs to be
considered even if you don't read the paper.

Now if we just continue to fund going to the Moon maybe some new
graduate student will have a project worth working on.

Look like it could make for some interesting design work that would
require some original thinking.
[FOR WHICHEVER COUNTRY DECIDES TO TAKE ON THE CHALLENGE.]

First there was SPUTNIK and thoughts of going to the Moon.
The Apollo missions proved it could be done.
Now to go back to stay.

Thanks for looking up with me.
- LRK -

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
==============================================================
Zak, Anatoly. "News & History of Astronautics in the former USSR."
August 5, 2007. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/index.html (August 4, 2007).

*Russia delivers supplies to the station*

/Published: 2007 Aug. 2; updated Aug. 5/

A Russian cargo ship <http://www.russianspaceweb.com/progress.html>
docked to the International Space Station
<http://www.russianspaceweb.com/iss.html>, ISS, Sunday, delivering
around 2.5 tons of supplies to the orbital outpost, as two vehicles flew
over Central Europe.

The Soyuz-U rocket <http://www.russianspaceweb.com/soyuz_lv.html>,
carrying the Progress M-61 cargo ship, blasted off from Baikonur
Cosmodrome <http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur.html>'s Site 1
<http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_r7_1.html> on Aug. 2, 2007 at
21:33:48 Moscow Time.

The launch followed a standard trajectory
<http://www.russianspaceweb.com/baikonur_downrange.html>, delivering a
7,270-kilogram spacecraft into a 268 by 191-kilometer orbit with the
inclination 51.64 degrees toward the Equator, according to mission
control in Korolev, Russia.

After a three-day flight, Progress M-61 docked to the station's Pirs
Docking Compartment <http://www.russianspaceweb.com/iss_dc.html>, on
Aug. 5, 2007, at 22:40 Moscow Time. The succesful arrival of the Russian
Progress cleared the way for the launch of the Space Shuttle Endeavour
on Aug. 8, 2007.

To make a room for the new arrival, the Progress M-59 cargo ship
undocked from the ISS on Aug. 1, 2007 at 18:07:05 Moscow Time. Upon a
command from the Russian mission control, the vehicle fired its braking
engine at 22:42 Moscow Time. It then reentered Earth atmosphere and its
debris impacted a remote region of the Pacific Ocean some 5,000
kilometers east of Wellington, New Zealand, on the same day around 23:27
Moscow Time.

The launch of Progress M-61 was delayed from May 12, 2007, and then
advanced from Sept. 3 to Aug. 16, 2006. In the wake of computer problems
onboard the ISS <http://www.russianspaceweb.com/iss.html> in mid-June
2007, officials considered advancing the launch date as far as July 23,
2007.

------------------------------------------
AND ON THE PAGE AN AD FOR THE WORLD'S FIRST ORBITAL COIN - SPUTNIK -
50TH ANNIVERSARY 1957 - 2007, - LRK -
50th Anniversary of Sputnik 1957 � 2007 Silver Proof �Orbital� Coin
<http://www.perthmint.com.au/catalogue/50th-anniversary-of-sputnik-1957-2007-sil
ver-proof-orbital-coin.aspx?affiliateID=32
>

* World�s First �Orbital� Coin
* Proof Quality 99.9% Pure Silver
* Revolutionary Reverse
* Issued as Legal Tender
* Presentation Packaging
* Numbered Certificate of Authenticity
* Sputnik orbits around the Earth

Product Availability Date: 17 September 2007

....

*50^th Anniversary of Sputnik*

The coin celebrates the 50^th Anniversary of Sputnik, which was launched
by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957. The first man-made satellite to
orbit the world, Sputnik�s success triggered the Space Race and efforts
to realise the ultimate dream of landing men on the Moon.
....

Snip
==============================================================
Zak, Anatoly. "SPACECRAFT Manned: Lunar Program." 2002.
http://www.russianspaceweb.com/lunar_base.html (August 4, 2007)

*In the 1960s, the Moon Race between the United States and the Soviet
Union made many scientists in both countries believe that human
colonization of the Moon was at hand. Lunar bases became a frequent
subject for the popular press and sci-fi novels; however, the space
community also started looking at the problem seriously. *

*Advocates of lunar settlements believed that a permanent outpost on the
Moon would allow extensive exploration of the Earth's natural satellite
for future mining of its resources, for the use of its surface as a
platform for astronomy research and as a "proving ground" for further
planetary exploration.
*

*Early proposals*

In Russia, Konstantin Tsiolkovskiy, a visionary of space exploration,
suggested use of the Moon as a source of raw materials for the human
quest into space. (136
<http://www.russianspaceweb.com/sources.html#shevchenko>)

*Project Horizon *

In June 1959, Wernher Von Braun and his group working at Redstone
Arsenal in Huntsville, Ala., issued the first part of the study of a
"Lunar Military Outpost" for the US Army, called Project Horizon.
Saturn-I and Saturn-II rockets, whose development started about a year
earlier, were to resupply the base. The study estimated that total 245
tons of construction materials, hardware and supplies had to be shipped
to the lunar surface. (138
<http://www.russianspaceweb.com/sources.html#ordway2>)

*Korolev studies *

In the 1960s, Sergei Korolev
<http://www.russianspaceweb.com/korolev.html>, the father of the Soviet
space program, was one of the first leaders in the country's space
industry, to raise the possibility of building a long-term outpost on
the surface of the Moon. In 1960, in the wake of the first Soviet
successes in sending unmanned probes to the Moon
<http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_lunar.html>,
Korolev published an article in Pravda, the official publication of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In the article, bylined "Professor
K. Sergeev," Korolev outlined in general terms his plans for space
exploration, including lunar expeditions: "The opportunity for direct
exploration of the Moon causes a particular interest, first with the
landing of automated scientific probes... and later by ways of sending
researchers and constructing a habitable scientific station on the
Moon." (137 <http://www.russianspaceweb.com/sources.html#vetrov2>)

In 1962, Korolev further discussed the idea of the lunar base in the
"Notes on Heavy Interplanetary Spacecraft and Heavy orbital Station,"
which were not been published until two decades later. In the "Notes"
Korolev discussed developing infrastructure to support interplanetary
travel, including a base to store consumables for interplanetary spacecraft.

The topic came up during a meeting of the Chief Designers Council, an
informal governing body in the Soviet space industry, when it considered
future tasks for the N1 moon rocket.

The consideration of a lunar base than reached the government level,
which reacted with a decree on November 17, 1967, giving the green light
to a "Galactika" (Galaxy) project. The plan assigned the industry to
evaluate a broad range of issues associated with human exploration of
the Moon, Venus and Mars.

*KBOM studies*

Ironically, it wasn't Sergei Korolev's team, who started the first
detailed studies of lunar outposts. It could be explained, perhaps, by
the fact that in the 1960s Korolev's organization was overloaded with
the immediate task of sending a man to the Moon.

Instead, the KBOM design bureau, the developer of launch complexes for
Soviet rocketry <http://www.russianspaceweb.com/rockets.html> and led by
Vladimir Barmin, pioneered the in-depth studies of lunar outposts. Even
before the November 1967 decree came out, KBOM design bureau established
Department 29 led by A. P. Chemodurov. This group had the responsibility
of evaluating potential scientific, economic and military goals which
could be achieved with the lunar base. (112
<http://www.russianspaceweb.com/sources.html#barmin>)

Department No. 29 at KBOM started its activities by establishing
contacts with a broad range of academic and research institutions
throughout the USSR, specialized in such disciplines as biology,
medicine, astronomy, architecture, nuclear technology and
communications. A partial list of the institutions, which cooperated
with KBOM on the study of the lunar base includes:

* The Crimean and Abastumansk observatories of the Academy of
Sciences USSR
* The Institute of Space Research, IKI, of the Academy of Sciences USSR
* The Geology and Chemistry Institute, GEOKhI, of the Academy of
Sciences USSR
* The Physics Institute, of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of
Sciences USSR
* The Kiev Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture
* The Electronics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbek SSR
* The Research Institute of Electrical Sources
* The Research Institute of Thermal Processes
* The Institute of Medico-Biological Sciences
* The Research Institute of Nuclear Physics, NIIYaF, of the Moscow
State University

On March 22, 1968, the Military Industrial Commission, VPK, issued
Decree No. 62, authorizing the so-called "Tema: Columb" (Columbus study)
within the Galaktika project. The document allowed KBOM to involve
Design Department No. 15 and Theoretical Calculations Department No. 9
into the study of a prospective lunar base.

Combined, these groups evaluated different configurations of the lunar
settlement, which would be able to provide working and habitation space
for the crew and also to deploy equipment, sources of energy,
astronomical observatory and oxygen-producing systems.

*Energy*

Snip
==============================================================
Benaroya, Haym. 2002. Engineering, Design and Construction of Lunar
Bases. American Society of Civil Engineers. DOI:
10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2002)15:2(33). (PDF version of document
downloaded September 4, 2007).
http://csxe.rutgers.edu/research/space/57.pdf

Abstract: How do we begin to expand our civilization to the Moon? What
are the technical issues that infrastructural engineers, in
particular, must address? This paper has the goal of introducing this
fascinating area of structural mechanics, design, and construction.
Published work of the past several decades about lunar bases is
summarized. Additional emphasis is placed on issues related to regolith
mechanics and robotic construction. Although many hundreds of papers
have been written on these subjects, and only a few tens of these
have been referred to here, it is believed that a representative view
has been created. This summary includes environmental issues, a
classification of structural types being considered for the Moon, and
some possible usage of in situ resources for lunar construction. An
appendix provides, in tabular form, an overview of structural types and
their lunar applications and technology drivers.

Snip
A post-Apollo evaluation of the need for a lunar base has been
made (Lowman 1985) with the following reasons given for such a
base:
* Advancing lunar science and astronomy;
* Stimulus to space technology and test bed for technologies
required to place humans on Mars and beyond;
* Utilization of lunar resources;
* Establishment of U.S. presence;
* Stimulation of interest of young Americans in science and engineering;
and
* Beginning of long-range program to ensure survival of species.
The potential for an astronomical observatory on the Moon is
very great, and it could be serviced periodically in a reasonable
fashion from a lunar base.
Snip

Environment
The problem of designing a structure to build on the lunar surface
is a difficult one, discussed here in a necessarily cursory way.
Many issues are not discussed, but will need to be tackled eventually.
Some important topics not discussed here, but necessary in
a detailed study, include the following:
* Relationships between severe lunar temperature cycles and
structural and material fatigue, a problem for exposed structures;
* Structural sensitivity to temperature differentials between different
sections of the same component;
* Very-low-temperature effects and the possibility of brittle fractures;
* Outgassing for exposed steels and other effects of high
vacuum on steel, alloys, and advanced materials;
* Factors of safety, originally developed to account for uncertainties
in the Earth design and construction process, undoubtedly
need adjustment for the lunar environment, either up or
down, depending on one�s perspective and tolerance for risk;
* Reliability ~and risk! must be major components of lunar
structures, just as they are of significant Earth structures ~Benaroya
1994!;
* Dead/live loads under lunar gravity;
* Buckling, stiffening, and bracing requirements for lunar structures,
which will be internally pressurized; and
* Consideration of new failure modes such as those due to highvelocity
micrometeorite impacts.
Snip
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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING / APRIL 2002 / 45
==============================================================
Smith, Linda. "Lunar Base Designs." October 25, 2006.
http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/em/6/8.cfm (September 4,
2007)

What will the first lunar base actually look like? No one knows yet, but
many have been designed. In the 1950's and 1960's, many designs were put
forth by scientists and engineers who hoped that by the next century a
lunar base would be fully operational. In 1992, the FLO design, the
First Lunar Outpost reference, mission was developed (and rejected) by
NASA. Igloos, railroads, buses, ecospheres, and domes, have all been
proposed. Inflatable structures, underground structures, structures at
the South Pole, and space ports at lunar libration points have all been
designed. Hotels, laboratories, observatories, sports arenas, as well as
mining and manufacturing plants are all very real possibilities. What
would a lunar base that you designed look like? What types of power will
be used on the moon? Solar? Nuclear? Fission reactors? Fusion reactors?
Lasar beamed electricity? What kinds of fuel will be developed for
rockets making the journey? Aluminum? Oxygen? Hydrogen? Solar sails?

Snip
==============================================================
Wade, Mark "Chinese Lunar Base." 2007.
http://www.astronautix.com/craft/chirbase.htm (September 4, 2007)

/Class/: Manned. /Type/: Lunar Base. /Destination/: Moon. /Nation/: China.

Beginning in 2000, Chinese scientists began discussing preliminary work
on a Chinese manned lunar base. Although not funded, it remains a
long-term objective of the Chinese space program for the second quarter
of the 21st Century.

Beyond the initial Project 921 programs for development of a manned
earth orbit capability, Chinese scientists began talking during the
course of 2000 of more ambitious plans for a lunar base. At Expo 2000 at
Hanover the centre piece of the Chinese pavilion was a display of two
Chinese astronauts planting the flag of the People's Republic on the
lunar surface. On October 4, 2000 Associated Press reported that Zhuang
Fenggan, vice chairman of the China Association of Sciences, declared
that one day the Chinese would create a permanent lunar base with the
intent of mining the lunar soil for Helium-3 (to fuel nuclear fusion
plants on Earth). On October 13, 2000, Xinhua News Agency reported a
more definite timetable. These seemed to be the dreams of academics
rather than a definite funded program, but at least indicated the
expected course of development during the 21st ('Chinese') Century:

* Chinese astronauts would begin landings on the moon in 2005. An
initial lunar station would be built up with pressurized modules,
electrical generators, and roving vehicles.
* The station would be completed by 2010, allowing stays of several
weeks for extended science experiments.
* Beginning in 2015, construction of a small permanent Moon base
would begin. The objective would be for a self-sufficient lunar
base to be in operation by 2020. This would be a bridgehead for
construction of a network of solar power generating plants. The
power would be transmitted back to Earth via microwave to meet
Chinese power needs without adding to earth greenhouse gases. The
base would also process the lunar regolith for metals and gases
needed to support the base. The natural high vacuum would be used
for research and production of new materials for export to Earth.

There was no funding for lunar projects in the ten-year space plan
approved in 2001. By July 2001 a Chinese aerospace magazine indicated
that Chinese scientists had drafted a much more modest four-phase long
term plan.

* Phase 1, by 2005: Lunar flyby or orbiting satellite missions,
perhaps using the DFH-3 bus.
* Phase 2, by 2010: unmanned soft-landing missions. Phase 3, by
2020: Robotic exploration using surface rovers. Phase 4, by 2030:
Lunar sample return missions.

Only after 2030 would manned flights and construction of a lunar base begin.
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WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK
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