Many folks would like to see us back on the Moon and developing its resources.

Showing posts with label space trash. Show all posts
Showing posts with label space trash. Show all posts

Tuesday, September 08, 2009

The trash is coming, the trash is coming - Discovery returning

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http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/08/science/space/08brfs-SHUTTLEASTRO_BRF.html?_r=1
NATIONAL BRIEFING | SPACE AND TECHNOLOGY
Shuttle Astronauts Prepare to Leave Space Station
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Published: September 7, 2009

The astronauts aboard the orbiting shuttle Discovery and the International Space Station will soon part company. The 13 space travelers had a final job to accomplish together before the hatches between their spacecraft were closed, transferring a moving van holding a ton of trash and discarded equipment back aboard the Discovery. It was delivered by the shuttle, fully loaded with supplies, and moved onto the space station last week. The shuttle will undock on Tuesday and is due back at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Thursday

A version of this article appeared in print on September 8, 2009, on page A16 of the New York edition
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The ISS is not self sufficient. A lot of items are brought up. Later what you don't want and can't use, has to go somewhere.

My garbage pickup is Wednesday and every other Wednesday there is a recycle pickup. On alternate Wednesdays the yard clippings get recycled.

What do you do if you live on a small island? Where do all the aluminum pop cans go? What about paper and cardboard and other unmentionables?

What will you do with your trash at a Lunar Base?

So far the Apollo missions just tossed their wrappers, tools, and other items.

Historically cities have been built on trash dumps. In Silicon Valley, here in California, there are gulf courses, event stadiums, and business buildings built over land fill.

You can tap the methane gas that is generated under the clay topping seal. Helps make electricity for a local baseball park.

Too bad I don't have a portable garbage plasma destructor that could reduce the plastics and organics to pure elements. Could use a lot of the hydrogen and carbon and constituents to make new compounds.
- LRK -

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http://discovermagazine.com/2007/may/the-ultimate-garbage-disposal
The Ultimate Garbage Disposal
A power station eats up dirty landfill and churns out clean electricity.
by Tony McNicol
From the May 2007 issue, published online May 18, 2007

What could be better than a power station that eats up dirty landfill and churns out clean electricity? One facility in Utashinai, Japan, has been doing just that since 2003, using plasma—an electrically induced stream of hot, charged particles—to process up to 220 tons of
municipal solid waste a day. Now a bigger and better $425 million plant is scheduled for completion by 2009 in Saint Lucie County, Florida. The operator, Atlanta-based Geoplasma, expects it to generate 160 megawatts of electricity—enough to power 36,000 homes—from a daily diet of trash.
snip
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http://cleantechnica.com/2008/11/10/plasma-technology-turns-trash-into-gas/
Plasma Technology Turns Trash into Gas
Written by Ariel Schwartz
Published on November 10th, 2008 in alternative fuels

An Atlanta, GA-based company called Geoplasma is using trash to provide power to 50,000 homes in Florida. The company’s plasma refuse plant, which should be online by 2011, is a first for the United States. It will process 1,500 tons of garbage each day and send 60 MW of power to the grid.

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We live on spaceship Earth and even if we don't develop the Moon's resources, we can always do better with what we have at hand.
- LRK -

Thanks for looking up with me.

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
Twitter: http://twitter.com/lrkellogg
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http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2009/09/mplm-reberthed-into-discoverys-payload-bay-ahead-of-undocking/
MPLM reberthed into Discovery’s Payload Bay ahead of undocking

September 7th, 2009 by Chris Bergin
Discovery is all set for her Tuesday departure from the International
Space Station (ISS), following the reberthing of the Leonardo
Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) into the orbiter’s payload bay
and the hatch closure between to two vehicles. Tuesday’s undocking
will be ahead of a new conjunction threat that is being monitored by
ISS controllers.

STS-128 Latest:

With docked operations now coming to an end, Discovery and her crew
can look back on the highly successful completion of transfers and
spacewalks for this mission – with the final EVA completed over the
weekend.

Overall, all three EVAs managed to complete all their tasks, along
with a number of get-heads. Only a handful of “items of interest” were
noted via the conclusion of EVA-3 on the Mission Management Team (MMT)
documentation.

snip
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http://spacefellowship.com/2009/09/01/shuttle-and-station-crews-install-cargo-module-leonardo/
Shuttle And Station Crews Install Cargo Module Leonardo

Published By Klaus SchmidtOn: 01 September 2009 7:55 AM CEST Source
(NASA) – STS-128 Pilot Kevin Ford and Expedition 20 Flight Engineer
Mike Barratt used the station robotic arm to move the Leonardo
Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) from Discovery’s payload bay to
the Earth-facing port on the station’s Harmony module. Mission
specialists Christer Fuglesang of the European Space Agency and Tim
Kopra assisted with the attachment and activation activity.

The MPLM is carrying 15,000 pounds of supplies and equipment for use
on the station, including more science facilities. The crew will spend
the next several days unloading the hardware.

snip
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http://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/alisse/03.AlisseInfoKit_Payloads.pdf
(5 page 633KB pdf)
Principal Payload: Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM)

In some ways, the MPLM is a descendant of Spacelab, which flew aboard
the Shuttle between 1983 and 1996. However, the MPLM took full
advantage of the improved technology that had been developed,
particularly in welding. As a result, the MPLM is much lighter than
its predecessor, which means that more than 9 tonnes of its 14-tonne
launch weight can be given over to useful cargo. At the same time, the
MPLM is robust enough for a service life of 25 return trips to space.

The MPLM also shares some basic systems with Europe's Columbus
laboratory, which has been permanently attached to the ISS since
February 2008. Their structures are similar, although Columbus has a
''skin' twice as thick as the MPLM, and both Columbus and the MPLM
make use of ESA's Environmental Control and Life Support Sub-system.

In the case of the MPLM, ESA was able to 'trade' with the Italian
Space Agency, exchanging the ECLSS for Italian-developed structural
elements that were used in Columbus. Without such cash-free
transactions, international space programmes would be much more
expensive.

snip
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WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

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Thursday, March 05, 2009

The Threat Of IMPACT - A Special Report on NEOs.

If you are a member of the National Space Society you probably just got the latest issue of adAstra -
The Magazine Of The National Space Society.
The cover has the above title on it and several articles about NEOs.
Here is the link to the table of contents even though the article is not linked.
http://www.nss.org/adastra/volume20/v20n4.html

Since we have recently been buzzed by nearby passing asteroids I took time to read the articles.

There is an upcoming conference in Spain in April on Planetary Defense which goes along with previous questions about how would you go about getting to these NEOs, both for defense or possibly for commercial interests.
- LRK -

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http://www.congrex.nl/09c04/
1st IAA Planetary Defense Conference:
Protecting Earth from Asteroids
27 - 30 April 2009
Granada, Spain

The International Academy of Astronautics will hold its first conference on protecting our planet from impacts by asteroids and comets the week of April 27, 2009 in Granada, Spain. The 1st IAA Planetary Defense Conference: Protecting Earth from Asteroids, co-sponsored by the European Space Agency and The Aerospace Corporation, is the follow-on to two previous planetary defense conferences held in 2004 in Los Angeles and 2007 in Washington, D.C. Details on the 2004 and 2007 conferences are at www.planetarydefense.info
snip
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Sometimes in our looking up for incoming hazards we fail to look at what we are doing right at our feet.
We live here and throw our trash away and we are thinking of going to space where we throw more trash away.
Today in my email was a notice of the latest TED Talks postings and one of the videos is by Charles Moore and his sailing the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks

If you have the bandwidth you might like to listen to the talk.
One of those commenting on the talk said he is not the most engaging speaker and a video of some students sailing with him might be more informative.
The language used is a bit more explicative and the ads on the side bars a bit racy, but you might be startled at the amount of plastic floating around on our high seas and making it to our beaches.
- LRK -

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http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/capt_charles_moore_on_the_seas_of_plastic.html
Capt. Charles Moore of the Algalita Marine Research Foundation first discovered the Great Pacific Garbage Patch --
an endless floating waste of plastic trash. Now he's drawing attention to the growing, choking problem of plastic debris in our seas.
snip

Stephen Jersak – March 4 2009
snip
VBS.tv did a splendid documentary, titled Toxic Garbage Island, not too long ago on this phenomenon. Unfortunately,
Charles Moore is not the most engaging speaker. The kids at Vice however, are able to present a thoroughly crushing
picture from the centre of the garbage patch.It's available online at
http://www.vbs.tv/shows.php?show=1154
snip
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I hope we take into consideration the making of our technology from birth to death.
Many a city in the past has been built upon the garbage dumps of earlier inhabitants
and I see business buildings rising up from the landfill in Silicon Valley today.

Listen to a concert in the park and burn your behind on methane gas escaping from the clay cap.
http://www.mv-voice.com/news/show_story.php?id=884

Play a game of gulf on the local landfill gulf course.
http://www.brownfieldgolf.com/history.htm
http://golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php?action=printpage;topic=35540.0

Put your next business in the building rising up from the latest landfill.
http://sanfranciscobay.sierraclub.org/yodeler/html/2008/05/feature6.htm

Light your baseball park lights from the energy made from steam turbines fueled by landfill methane captured gas.
http://www.sanjoseca.gov/clerk/agenda/2_19_02docs/7.2.htm

Start thinking about how you are going to use the local resources and the expendables you brought with you.
It would be nice if manufactures considered the life of their products from birth to death.
- LRK -

If you have read the Red Mars, Green Mars, Blue Mars, series by Kim Stanley Robinson, you will recognize why we may go to Mars and what happens when the resources on Earth have been used up and the habitable places reduced by pollution. Sounds like a lot of the politics of today.
- LRK -

Thanks for looking up with me.

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
==============================================================
http://www.congrex.nl/09c04/
1st IAA Planetary Defense Conference:
Protecting Earth from Asteroids
27 - 30 April 2009
Granada, Spain

The International Academy of Astronautics will hold its first conference on protecting our planet from impacts by asteroids and comets the week of April 27, 2009 in Granada, Spain. The 1st IAA Planetary Defense Conference: Protecting Earth from Asteroids, co-sponsored by the European Space Agency and The Aerospace Corporation, is the follow-on to two previous planetary defense conferences held in 2004 in Los Angeles and 2007 in Washington, D.C. Details on the 2004 and 2007 conferences are at www.planetarydefense.info

The 2009 conference will bring together worldwide experts to discuss:

* Detecting and tracking asteroids and comets that might be
hazardous to our planet,
* Characteristics of these objects,
* Deflecting a threatening object should one be detected,
* The nature of impact disasters, and
* Political, legal and policy issues that must be considered as part
of an overall mitigation strategy.

At present, there are over 900 asteroids and comets that are designated Potentially Hazardous Objects (PHOs), objects larger than about 140 meters that could eventually threaten Earth. Ground-based observations are currently increasing this number by more than 80 per year. Experts believe that the total population of PHOs could number 4000 or more.

A particular focus of the conference will be Apophis, a 270-meter asteroid discovered in 2004 that is predicted to pass very close to Earth, below the altitude of our geosynchronous satellites, in April 2029 and has a current probability of impacting our planet in 2036 of 1 in 45000. The most recent significant impact occurred in Siberia, Russia, in 1908 when an object estimated to be between 30 and 50 meters in diameter entered the atmosphere and exploded. The blast leveled over 2000 square kilometers of forest—an area larger than Washington, D.C.
snip
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http://www.universetoday.com/2009/03/02/asteroid-2009-dd45-just-buzzed-by-earth/
Asteroid 2009 DD45 Just Buzzed by Earth
As I'm writing this (13:40 UT) a newly-discovered asteroid, 2009 DD45, is flying past Earth at only 74,800 km (46,478.5 miles or 0.000482 AU) away. That's only about twice the height of a typical geostationary communications satellite, and well inside the moon's orbit. According to Spaceweather.com, the 30- to 40-meter wide space rock is similar in size to the Tunguska impactor of 1908, but this time there is no danger of a collision. At closest approach on March 2nd, (which just occurred) 2009 DD45 will speed through the constellation Virgo shining as brightly as an 11th magnitude star. So if you're in the Pacific region like Hawaii or Tahiti, go out and take a look! But this rock is moving fairly fast, and by tonight, it will only be 13th magnitude, and fading fast.

UPDATE: Below see video of 2009 DD45 as seen from Australia:
(thanks to Aaron Slack <http://www.caffeinatedastronomy.com/> for the heads up on the video)
http://www.caffeinatedastronomy.com/
[The video on his web site is a larger format than the one copied on UniverseToday. - LRK -]
snip
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http://planetary.org/news/2009/0302_Space_Rock_Swoops_by_Earth.html
Planetary News: Near Earth Objects (2009)
Space Rock Swoops by Earth
March 2, 2009
A Near Earth Object designated 2009 DD45 buzzed the Earth early this morning (Pacific Time), passing within 70,000 kilometers (40,000 miles) of the Earth's surface. To give an idea of just how close a shave this was, consider this: 70,000 kilometers is just one fifth of the distance from the Earth to the moon, and only twice the distance at which geostationary telecommunications satellites orbit.
The space rock was discovered only two days ago by Rob McNaught at Siding Spring Observatory in Australia, when it was a dim speck about 1.5 million kilometers away. It became brightest when it passed closest to Earth at 13:44 Universal Time, which is 5:44am Pacific Time, and has been getting dimmer ever since. At the point of closest approach 2009 DD45 was over the Pacific Ocean near Tahiti, which means it could be observed from Australia, Japan, and China, but not from North America or Europe.
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http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/ca/
NEO Earth Close Approaches
*Close-Approach Tables* <http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/neo_ca>

Custom tables (*updated daily*) showing future and past NEO close-approach data, including uncertainties, are available at the link above <http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/neo_ca>. More information about the uncertainties used in these tables is available <http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/ca/neo_ca_info.html>.

Also, a list of historic comet close approaches prior to 2006 is available here <http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/ca/historic_comets.html>.

snip
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WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

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Sunday, January 11, 2009

Archaeology of Space Garbage

Bob in Texas sent me the link to the article below as he thought I
might be interested. I was, thanks.
We have posted before about the amount of stuff in orbit around Earth
but the article that was copied presents it in an interesting way
talking about the archaeological value.

Historically humans have built cities on top of cities and often on
top of their garbage dumps. Later we go dig up those cities and dumps
and read the history we find. Now we can look up to the dump in the
sky and read a new history.

Soon we will be able to go back to the Moon and read the signs from
the trash we find there. [and probably add to that trash too unless
we think about our projects from birth to death - which should include
the trash too] - LRK -

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Archaeology of Space Garbage
We're Loading the Final Frontier with Technology's Trash
by W. L. Rathje
as seen at -
http://www.kenlarson.net/code/scienc01.htm
Kenneth A. Larson - General Site
Science - Space Trash

Website content including photographic and graphic images may not be
redistributed for use on another website.
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But maybe you would like to read the interesting article that was
copied there. - LRK -

A lot of the stuff is probably too small to see but then there are
many items much bigger, take a look. - LRK -

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http://science.nasa.gov/realtime/
Satellite Tracking
snip
Live 3D Java Tracking Display -
http://science.nasa.gov/realtime/jtrack/3d/JTrack3D.html
Did you know there are over eight thousand artificial objects orbiting
Earth? Over 2,500 are satellites, operative and inoperative. The
remaining objects are orbital debris: parts such as nosecone shrouds,
lens, hatch covers, rocket bodies, payloads that have disintegrated or
exploded, and even objects that "escape" from manned spacecraft during
operations.
snip
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Space Garbage images - Tiny URL of Google image search
http://tinyurl.com/9pwrte

Space Trash images - Tiny URL of Google imgae search
http://tinyurl.com/8hpdkl

As we are planning to go back to the Moon and working on making
simulated regolith to use in testing how to work the Moon, maybe also
time to consider who will be looking at our trash there too.
- LRK -

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http://www.colorado.edu/news/r/e90719f928af57969f597c0d44e3a8ec.html
CU-Boulder Selected for Two Lunar Research Grants Totaling $11 Million
January 9, 2009

The University of Colorado at Boulder was awarded two grants totaling
$11 million today from NASA's Lunar Science Institute to probe the
cosmos from observatories on the moon and to conduct science and
safety investigations on the dusty lunar surface and its atmosphere.
snip
Burns said some of the LUNAR observations will take place from the far
side of the moon, the only "truly quiet" environment in terms of radio
emissions in the inner solar system. The LUNAR team will develop new
instruments, including a low-frequency array of radio antennas. One
version of the array has antennas embedded in a plastic sheet that can
be rolled out on the far side of the moon's surface to search for
faint "hisses" generated by primordial material forming the first
stars and galaxies, he said.
snip
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Well a new term for me - Exo-Archaeology - and Chicken Little said
the sky is falling, hmmmmm.
What was it that fell?
Who made it and when?
- LRK -

Some might be looking for what the aliens have left. Now what do you
find at the Lagrange points?
http://www.physics.montana.edu/faculty/cornish/lagrange.html

And when we go to the Moon and look down into those dark places at the
lunar poles, what debris will we find?
Maybe when you boil the soil to get your coffee water you should also
check for other items of interest.

Thanks for looking up with me.

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
==============================================================
http://proteus.brown.edu/13things/7713
Exoarchaeology

The relationship between man and space trash is evident in the
archaeological nature of garbage. Before getting into this I want to
mention that, for me, archaeology is the scientific study of people of
the past through objects. There has been extensive debate as to what
qualifies an object as being worthy of archaeological study, and as to
what the past entails, like the fifty or two-thousand year rule. In
this vein, Shanks writes, "…the 'Garbage Project' at the University of
Arizona began systematically collecting, sorting through, and
recording household refuse…Most archaeologists denied that the
Project's workers were doing archaeology…citing the 'fifty-year rule'"
(Shanks, 68). I think that the actual definition of archaeology is
larger than any label can apply, and in this vein, I think Shanks and
Rathje make a valid point that, "archaeologists study garbage"
(Shanks, 65), and that, "Garbage: 99 percent or more of what most
archaeologists dig up, record, and analyze in obsessive detail is what
past peoples threw away as worthless…" (Shanks, 65). Moreover, I think
their definition of archaeology is one of the better ones because they
think that the study of the product of culture is often more valuable
than studying culture itself.

Ex- or Exo- archaeology is the archaeology of outer space. This
sometimes seems to focus on alien material we could potentially find
as it comes through the atmosphere or is spotted on radar. For
instance, the Allan Hills meteorite from Mars found in Antarctica
purportedly contains biological tracings:
http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/solarsystem/meteorite_chain_010226.html.
In this paper, as you know by now, I decided to focus on man-made
space junk, rather than meteorites or alien (make-believe?) material.
Space junk is significant archaeologically as it continues to fall to
Earth on one level, because it has the potential to tell us about the
space race, Cold War, more recent global politics, government
spending, business spending, hidden spy technologies, and therefore
about our grandparents, parents, and ourselves. On another level, the
existence of significant quantities of space trash and the fact that
we've polluted beyond our atmosphere says a lot about our society in
terms of a consumer- based disposable culture. Shanks writes that
modernity's ruins are located in the landfill:
snip

Space Junk is of definite cultural significance in terms of
human-thing engineering and "reverse-engineering" in the manner
discussed the Man and Satellite section. Other cultural aspects tied
to space junk include recordings of human voices put on CD's in some
satellites, to the plaque discussed in class designed by Carl Sagan
and put on research Satellite Pioneer 10 in 1978. There's a lot more
information available at a space archaeology wiki in the works cited
section of this paper. Although archaeological study of these
materials needs to be done, there's the problem as to how to
accomplish this. We can wait for things in LEO to crash down to Earth,
or we can proactively decide exactly what the most significant items
would be for study and then launch retrieval missions.

snip
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenoarchaeology

Xenoarchaeology is a hypothetical form of archaeology concerned with
the physical remains of past (but not necessarily extinct) alien
cultures. These may be found on planets or satellites, in space, the
asteroid belt, planetary orbit or Lagrangian points.

Xenoarchaeology is currently only hypothetical science that exists
mainly in science fiction works and is not practiced by mainstream
archaeologists. Although some fringe theories of alien archaeology
exist, and several attempts at observing extraterrestrial structures
at common Lagrangian points in our solar system have been made, most
serious archaeological work has been in refutation of it.

snip
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WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

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