Many folks would like to see us back on the Moon and developing its resources.

Showing posts with label asteroid. Show all posts
Showing posts with label asteroid. Show all posts

Thursday, September 01, 2011

Destination: Moon or Asteroid? | The Once and Future Moon


Destination: Moon or Asteroid? | The Once and Future Moon

Paul Spudis has an interesting blog with interesting links within and some interesting comments about.
You can read and I won't even have to mention the "M" word.
- LRK -

This from his Facebook post.
Maybe you are already following him.
- LRK -

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P. Spudis: However, detailed consideration indicates that NEOs are not the best choice as our next destination in space. In this post and two additional ones to come, I will consider some of the operational, scientific and resource utilization issues that arise in planning NEO missions and exploration activities and compare them to the lunar alternative.
Part I:  Operational Considerations
The current controversy over the direction of our national space program has many dimensions but most of the discourse has focused on the means (government vs. commercial launch vehicles) not the ends (destinations and activities).  Near-Earth objects (NEO, i.e., asteroids) became the next destination for human exploration as an alternative to the Moon when the Augustine committee advocated a “flexible path” in their 2009 report.  The reason for going to an asteroid instead of the Moon was that it costs too much money to develop a lunar lander whereas asteroids, having extremely low surface gravity, don’t require one.  The administration embraced and supported this change in direction and since then, the agency has been studying possible NEO missions and how to conduct them.
snip
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Part II here with Part III still to be written.
- LRK -

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P. Spudis: Of course, science being unpredictable, some major surprise that could revolutionize our knowledge may await us on some distant asteroid. But such surprises doubtless await us in many places throughout the Solar System and the best way to assure ourselves that we will eventually find them is to develop the capability to go anywhere in space at any time.
Part II:  Scientific Considerations
In my last post, I examined some of the operational considerations associated with a human mission to a near Earth asteroid and how it contrasted with the simpler, easier operations of lunar return.  Here, I want to consider what we might do at this destination by focusing on the scientific activities and possible return we could expect from such a mission.  Some of the operational constraints mentioned in the previous post will impact the scientific return we expect from a human NEO mission.
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As noted at the Smithsonian Air & Space blogs.
- LRK -

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See, no stuttering about why we should go back to the M. mo.. moo... moon - oh well you get my point.
Having spent some 20 years supporting NASA with off and on stuttering about further Lunar exploration I had hoped we would not have to hold a finger to our mouth with a shhhhh as the expression, if developing the resources of our nearest neighbor in space was the topic.

I guess you folks will have to take it upon yourself to change that.  
Maybe just a nudge, nudge to your neighbor and an extended arm pointing to a Harvest Moon will help.

Then maybe a whisper, "I wonder what it would be like to be up there looking back at us here on Earth?"

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[And as NASA once said. - LRK -]

Why Go to the Moon?
National Aeronautics & Space Administration

At the core of NASA’s future in space exploration is a return to the moon, where we will build 
a sustainable long-term human presence with new spacecraft, robotics and life-sustaining 
technologies. Living and working on the moon will provide opportunities for research and 
technology development that will prepare humans for further human exploration to 
Mars and beyond.  
snip

Exploration Preparation
Lunar exploration provides opportunities 
to test new technologies, experience 
living on extraterrestrial surfaces and learn 
ways to use resources found in space – all 
with the goal of safely preparing crews 
for missions to Mars and beyond. 
snip
[Nice poster. Get it now before it is removed and history rewritten. - LRK -]
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And if you have a lot of paper, print this out. (Circa 2006)

And someone said, "Been there, ........."]  !!!

25 Good Reasons to Go to the Moon

Ken Murphy / 6:13 pm June 14th, 2008
Librarian’s Note: This is a reprint of a blog post that I wrote for Selenian Boondocks, where I guest blog. I haven’t really needed to change the text, but I have updated it with some pictures and weblinks.
snip
NASA decided to get in on the fun with 181 Things to do on the Moon (pdf)

[Well that was in 2006 - LRK -
 Lunar Exploration Objectives
Version 1, released December 2006]
snip
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May 9, 2009

About Paul D. Spudis

Paul D. Spudis is a Senior Staff Scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas. He was Deputy Leader of the Science Team for the Department of Defense Clementine mission to the Moon in 1994 and is the Principal Investigator of an imaging radar experiment on the Indian Chandrayaan-1 mission, launched to the Moon in October, 2008. In 2004, he was a member of the President’s Commission on the Implementation of U. S. Space Exploration Policy and was presented with the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal for that work. He is the recipient of the 2006 Von Karman Lectureship in Astronautics, awarded by the American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics. He is the author or co-author of over 100 scientific papers and four books, including The Once and Future Moon, and (with Ben Bussey) The Clementine Atlas of the Moon.  His web site can be found at www.spudislunarresources.com. The opinions expressed here are his own, and do not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or his employer.
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WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK -

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Friday, July 31, 2009

The Perseids are Coming

While planets may be hit by asteroids or comets, we can also pass through the debris from them.
Time to get out the easy chair and look up at the night sky.
See the link for more information on best viewing.
- LRK -

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The Perseids are Coming
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/31jul_perseids2009.htm?list965414

July 31, 2009: Earth is entering a stream of dusty debris from Comet Swift-Tuttle, the source of the annual Perseid meteor shower. Although the shower won't peak until August 11th and 12th, the show is already getting underway.

Brian Emfinger of Ozark, Arkansas, photographed this early Perseid just after midnight on Sunday, July 26th:

http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/images/perseids2009/Brian-Emfinger2.jpg

"I used an off-the-shelf digital camera to capture this fireball and its smoky trail," says Emfinger. "It was a bright one!"

Don't get too excited, cautions Bill Cooke of NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office. "We're just in the outskirts of the debris stream now. If you go out at night and stare at the sky, you'll probably only see a few Perseids per hour."

This will change, however, as August unfolds.

"Earth passes through the densest part of the debris stream sometime on August 12th. Then, you could see dozens of meteors per hour.
snip
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John sent a link that might indicate that Venus can be hit by comets as Jupiter may have experienced of late.
- LRK -

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http://www.livescience.com/space/090730-venus-bright-spot.html
Bright Spot on Venus Stumps Scientists
By Andrea Thompson, Senior Writer
posted: 30 July 2009 05:14 pm ET

A sudden bright spot that appeared in the clouds of Venus just days after a comet left a bruise on Jupiter has scientists stumped as to its cause.

Venus' bright spot, first noticed by amateur astronomer Frank Melillo of Holtsville, NY on July 19, is not the first such brightening noticed on our cloudy neighbor, said planetary scientist Sanjay Limaye of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

"We have seen such events before," he told SPACE.com.
snip

http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/090730-venus-bright-spot.html
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And while you are looking up from the comfort of your easy chair you might contemplate the constellation of Orion and the bright, bright star Betelgeuse.
What if it exploded while you were looking at it?
Would you catch it on your digital camera?
- LRK -

Link thanks to SpaceWarper.
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http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/press-rel/pr-2009/pr-27-09.html
ESO 27/09 - Science Release

29 July 2009
For immediate release
Sharpest views of Betelgeuse reveal how supergiant stars lose mass

Unveiling the true face of a behemoth

Using different state-of-the-art techniques on ESO's Very Large Telescope, two independent teams of astronomers have obtained the sharpest ever views of the supergiant star Betelgeuse. They show that the star has a vast plume of gas almost as large as our Solar System and a gigantic bubble boiling on its surface. These discoveries provide important clues to help explain how these mammoths shed material at such a tremendous rate.

Betelgeuse — the second brightest star in the constellation of Orion (the Hunter) — is a red supergiant, one of the biggest stars known, and almost 1000 times larger than our Sun [1]. It is also one of the most luminous stars known, emitting more light than 100 000 Suns. Such
extreme properties foretell the demise of a short-lived stellar king. With an age of only a few million years, Betelgeuse is already nearing the end of its life and is soon doomed to explode as a supernova. When it does, the supernova should be seen easily from Earth, even in broad
daylight.

snip
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And if there are any life forms on planets in that area, will we receive a data dump of their life history in one last expression of their existence?
Will SETI pick up the death cry?
http://www.seti.org/Page.aspx?pid=1345

And if you were at Moon Base Alpha, would your radio telescope record the happening?
http://www.space1999.net/moonbase99/
http://www.space1999.net/

And if you would just like to go see the Moon using the new Google Earth information that NASA and JAXA have added information to, well check this out.
- LRK -

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http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/features/2009/Google_Moon.html
NASA and Google Launch Virtual Exploration of the Moon
07.20.09

Forty years ago on July 20, 1969, the world watched as the crew of Apollo 11 took the first steps on the surface of the moon.

To celebrate this historic occasion, NASA and Google announced the launch of the Moon in Google Earth, an interactive, 3D atlas of the moon, viewable with Google Earth 5.0.

The announcement was made during a press conference at the Newseum in Washington, featuring remarks by Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin; Alan Eustace, a Google senior vice president; Andrew Chaikin, author and space historian; and Anousheh Ansari, the first female space tourist.

With the Moon in Google Earth, users can explore a virtual moonscape, follow guided tours from astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Jack Schmidt, view high-resolution "street view" style panoramic images and see previously unreleased footage captured from the lunar surface.

Whether rediscovering iconic moments from the history of lunar exploration, or learning about them for the first time, the Moon in Google Earth enables users to better understand the moon and mankind's relationship to it using an immersive, 3D experience.

snip
http://earth.google.com/moon/
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Thanks for looking up with me.


Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
Twitter: http://twitter.com/lrkellogg
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseids
Perseids
-From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Perseids (pronounced /ˈpɜrsiː.ɨdz/ us dict: pûr′·sē·ĭdz) are a prolific meteor shower associated with the comet Swift-Tuttle. The Perseids are so called because the point they appear to come from, called the radiant, lies in the constellation Perseus. Meteor showers occur when Earth moves through a meteor stream. The stream in this case is called the Perseid cloud and it stretches along the orbit of the Comet Swift-Tuttle. The cloud consists of particles ejected by the
comet as it passed by the Sun. Most of the dust in the cloud today is approximately a thousand years old. However, there is also a relatively young filament of dust in the stream that boiled off the comet in 1862. The rate of meteors originating from this filament is much higher than for the older part of the stream.

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http://www.universetoday.com/2009/07/20/land-on-the-moon-in-google-earth/
Land on the Moon in Google Earth

To celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing, Google has launched a new feature: the Moon in Google Earth. You can now use Google Earth to explore, fly around and search the Moon. Google was able to get several astronauts to participate in this new
feature, and you can get tours of landing sites, narrated by Apollo astronauts, view 3D models of landed spacecraft, zoom into 360-degree photos to see astronauts' footprints and watch rare TV footage of the Apollo missions. The hi-resolution views of the Moon were developed in collaboration with NASA Ames Research and JAXA. It's loads of fun and provides an historic perspective as well as a look to the future of lunar exploration. If you already have Google Earth 5.0 on your computer, just click on the tab on the top toolbar that has a picture of Saturn, and click on Moon. If you click on the Apollo 11 flag, you can zoom in on that location and take a tour of the first landing site on the Moon! What a great way celebrate the 40th anniversary. Enjoy!

Link to the Moon in Google Earth.
http://earth.google.com/moon/index.html

snip
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http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32234721/ns/technology_and_science-space/
Space shuttle lands safely in Florida completed 16-day construction job at international space station

By Marcia Dunn

CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida - Space shuttle Endeavour and its seven astronauts returned to Earth on Friday, completing a long but successful construction job that boosted the size and power of the international space station.

Endeavour glided through a slightly hazy sky and touched down on Kennedy Space Center's landing strip. Its smooth and punctual late morning arrival set off a stream of praise.

"Congratulations on a superb mission from beginning to end. Very well done," Mission Control radioed.

snip
http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/jul/HQ_09_179_Shuttle_landing_success.html
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WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

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Saturday, December 22, 2007

Asteroid Threatens to Hit Mars

A rock is headed Mars way having already passed us.
JPL Animation.
http://www.nasa.gov/mov/206962main_Mars_Asteroid_Animation.mov

Orbit.
http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2007%20WD5&orb=1

Would be interesting if one of the Rovers could track it. If it hits
maybe one of the current satellites will be able to image the result of
the hit. That should make the six o'clock news and give folks something
to think about.

For today, Nah, Nah, missed me.

Interesting game of dodge ball we are playing.
Especially when you only see the ball after it just missed you.
Discovered November 20, but closest pass was on November 1 at 7.5 million kilometers.
What team are you betting on?
- LRK -

Thanks for looking up with me.

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
==============================================================
Asteroid Threatens to Hit Mars
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/21dec_2007wd5.htm?list965414

*Dec. 21, 2007:* Astronomers funded by NASA are monitoring the
trajectory of an asteroid named 2007 WD5
<http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2007%20WD5&orb=1> that is
expected to cross the orbital path of Mars early next year. Calculations
by NASA's Near-Earth Object Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
indicate that the 164-ft wide asteroid may pass within 30,000 miles of
Mars at about 6 a.m. EST on Jan. 30, 2008.

"Right now asteroid 2007 WD5 is about half-way between the Earth and
Mars and closing the distance [to Mars] at a speed of about 27,900 miles
per hour," said Don Yeomans, manager of the Near Earth Object Office at JPL.

There is a 1-in-75 chance of 2007 WD5 hitting Mars; researchers can't be
more confident than that because of uncertainties in the asteroid's
orbit. If this unlikely event were to occur, however, the strike would
happen somewhere within a broad swath across the planet north of where
the Opportunity rover is.
Snip
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http://planetary.org/news/2007/1221_Asteroid_Misses_Earth_Threatens_Mars.html
Asteroid Misses Earth, Threatens Mars.
by Amir Alexander
December 21, 2007

Designated 2007 WD5, the asteroid was discovered on November 20 by
NASA-funded observers searching for possible Earth-impactors. At that
time of its detection the asteroid had already made its closest pass of
the Earth, closing to within 7.5 million kilometers (4.7 million miles)
on November 1, and was moving towards Mars. The original detection was
made using the 1.5 meter telescope on Mount Lemmon, near Tucson,
Arizona, and was followed up with observations at Kitt Peak, Arizona,
and the Magdalena Ridge Observatory in New Mexico. Taken together, the
observations indicated that although Earth was safe from 2007 WD5, our
smaller neighbor Mars may not be.

Snip
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Ominous Asteroid Threatens Mars
http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2007/12/21/asteroid-mars-nasa.html
Alicia Chang, Associated Press
*Dec. 21, 2007 -- Mars could be in for an asteroid hit.

A newly discovered hunk of space rock has a one in 75 chance of slamming
into the Red Planet on Jan. 30, scientists said Thursday.

"These odds are extremely unusual. We frequently work with really long
odds when we track ... threatening asteroids," said Steve Chesley, an
astronomer with the Near Earth Object Program at NASA's Jet Propulsion
Laboratory.

The asteroid, known as 2007 WD5, was discovered in late November and is
similar in size to an object that hit remote central Siberia in 1908,
unleashing energy equivalent to a 15-megaton nuclear bomb and wiping out
60 million trees.
*
Snip
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http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2007-152
Astronomers Monitor Asteroid to Pass Near Mars
December 21, 2007

WASHINGTON - Astronomers funded by NASA are monitoring the trajectory of
an asteroid estimated to be 50 meters (164 feet) wide that is expected
to cross Mars' orbital path early next year. Observations provided by
the astronomers and analyzed by NASA's Near-Earth Object Office at the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., indicate the object may
pass within 30,000 miles of Mars at about 6 a.m. EST (3 a.m. PST) on
Jan. 30, 2008.

"Right now asteroid 2007 WD5 is about half-way between Earth and Mars
and closing the distance at a speed of about 27,900 miles per hour,"
said Don Yeomans, manager of the Near Earth Object Office at JPL. "Over
the next five weeks, we hope to gather more information from
observatories so we can further refine the asteroid's trajectory."

NASA detects and tracks asteroids and comets passing close to Earth. The
Near Earth Object Observation Program, commonly called "Spaceguard,"
plots the orbits of these objects to determine if any could be
potentially hazardous to our planet.

Snip
[See image links at web site. - LRK -]
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WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

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Friday, April 20, 2007

One more time - Earth Second Moon or "Other Moon"

Well something like this has happened before.

Remember the Apollo 12 booster stage that visited us?
http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn2790
- LRK -

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<http://skytonight.com/news/Earth_Second__Moon.html>
Earth's "Other Moon"
April 17, 2007
by Roger W. Sinnott
Last September, when a tiny asteroid drifted into Earth�s vicinity, our
planet�s gravity captured it. The meter-size object, designated 6R10DB9,
is now making its third wide swing around Earth. It was quite faint,
magnitude 19.3, when discovered September 14th with the 0.68-meter
(27-inch) Schmidt telescope of the Catalina Sky Survey
<http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/css/> in Arizona, and it won�t get much
brighter than that.

�Certainly 6R10DB9, with a geocentric eccentricity less than 1, is
currently orbiting the Earth ,� says Gareth V. Williams of the Minor
Planet Center <http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/mpc.html>, �although it
will leave the Earth-Moon system after next June�s perigee.� Williams�s
calculations show that prior to capture 6R10DB9 was in a low-inclination
orbit around the Sun with a period of about 11 months. That�s typical of
the paths followed by spent rocket boosters left over from space
missions of the 1960s and 70s.
Snip

When 6R10DB9 makes its final and closest pass in June, �threading the
needle� and dipping just inside the Moon�s orbit, astronomers will get
their best view of it for years to come. Spectroscopic studies with
large telescopes, for example, could help to reveal its true nature.
Snip
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So that is at least two visitors that have been caught aah, �threading
the needle�.
Check out the link and see the expected loop de loops.

Then consider what one might be able to do if you could just do some
slight vector adjustments and circularize the orbit and do some mining
if this is an asteroid.

Also consider what will happen to the booster stages of the upcoming
lunar launches to the Moon.

Put them into orbit around the Sun, crash them into the Moon, or let
them fall back to Earth to burn up.

Hmmmm, as a kid I shot an arrow into the air. Came back on our shingle
roof. Dad wasn't happy.
Hope we do a better job of shooting arrows into the air in the future.

Thanks for looking up with me.

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update

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http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn2790
Orbit shows "second Moon" may be Apollo junk

* 16:10 12 September 2002
* NewScientist.com news service
* Will Knight

A mystery object recently found orbiting the Earth is more likely to be
a used rocket booster from an Apollo spacecraft than a tiny second Moon.

NASA scientists have now analysed the object's orbit, which "indicates
that it could be a leftover Saturn V third stage from one of the Apollo
missions, most likely the Apollo 12 mission, launched on 14 November 1969".

The computer simulations were carried out by Donald Yeomans and Paul
Chodas at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. They show that the object's
orbit is consistent with a booster that circled the Earth in the 1960's
or 1970's, was then captured by the Sun and finally returned to Earth
orbit in April 2002.

The object was spotted on 3 September by an astronomer in Arizona and
was initially thought to be an asteroid passing the Earth. But further
observations revealed that a 50-day Earth orbit at an altitude rising
from 300,000 to 800,000 kilometres.

Snip
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WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

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