Many folks would like to see us back on the Moon and developing its resources.

Showing posts with label lunar habitat. Show all posts
Showing posts with label lunar habitat. Show all posts

Monday, August 06, 2007

Diversifying our planetary portfolio


http://www.thespacereview.com/article/927/1
by Nader Elhefnawy
Monday, August 6, 2007

If you subscribe to Jeff Foust's "The Space Review" you probably read the
article at the link and some of those I posted below.
- LRK -


http://www.thespacereview.com/archive/317a.jpg
Whether on the surface of a planetary body or in free space,
a self-sufficient space colony will need a different set of
industrial technologies and systems than in common terrestrial
use today. (credit: NASA/Ames)
-----------------------------------------

Nader Elhefnawy's first paragraph mentions an article that predicts we
only have 46 years left to colonize Mars if we are toensure long term
survival.
- LRK -

-----------------------------------
A rather provocative headline appeared in the July 17, 2007 edition of
the /New York Times/: "A Survival Imperative For Space Colonization."

The claim, which could not but concentrate the mind, was that "To ensure
our long-term survival, we need to get a colony up and running on Mars
within 46 years."
-----------------------------------

I don't think the rest of the World read the Times article as I don't
see a stampede to launch a Mars Direct mission.

Both the Times article and Nader Elhefnawy's commentary are worth
reading and considering as we see ourselves plodding along while we wait
for an asteroid to hit or the climate to change or the oil to run out,
or someone blows a chunk of this Blue Marble into space in the name of .....

How do you sell a set of encyclopedias to someone that doesn't read?
Do you teach him to read or just go next door and hope there is someone
there that knows how to read?

How do you interest investors in going to the Moon, Mars, and Beyond if
they don't know how to look up?
Do you tell them to wait until some foreign government goes and hope
they will open a way for you?
Phobos in 2009
<http://www.marsdaily.com/reports/Russia_Hopes_To_Launch_Craft_To_Mission_Mars_M
oon_Phobos_In_2009_999.html
>

How do you get the cost of launch down when the launch companies are
happy with government cost plus arrangements?
Do you launch from a ship at sea if you can get contracts that don't
conflict with one of you parent companies?
http://www.boeing.com/special/sea-launch/

On an earlier post I said == One would like to just be able to propose a
mission and see it happen within your lifetime.

And from deepest, darkest SE GA came this assurance, "Fear not,
Larry!...keep taking your vitamins, drink 2 ounces of red wine a day,
and hang in just little while longer...just don't be surprised when it
happens, the logos won't say "NASA" or "USA", it'll be "Virgin",
"Bigelow", "Scaled Composites", et al....
J"

Sooooh, maybe some of you know of some other logos that might make it
happen.
Maybe you have an idea for a logo of your own and will just go yourself
as you are tired of waiting.
If you do, let me know so I can share.

It is one thing to launch personnel to the ISS or even to the Moon for
brief periods.
It is more complicated to say you will become self sufficient and won't
need care packages from mother Earth.

How self sufficient are you at home here on Earth?

What if garbage strike?
What if power out?
What if water shut off?
What if grocery store closed?
What if an airline strike?
What if the trucks stop?
What if a cold snap?
What if a heat wave?
What if a flood?
What if the sirens sound?

And that is just where you don't have your neighbors shooting at you or
setting booby traps or blowing themselves up.

Can you live on a small island, in the jungle, under a bridge, or in a
ghetto?
http://www.solarhaven.org/AchievingSelfSufficiency.htm
http://www.backwoodshome.com/
http://www.mcn.org/ed/cur/cw/Habitats/Habitats.html

Do you have the necessary medical supplies?

Could you make alcohol from your cardboard boxes?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol
http://www.physorg.com/news100838926.html

Can you drive your car on several types of fuel, whichever is cheaper?
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/transportation/alcohols.html

Well, sometimes thinking outside the box is learning to think, how would
I live in a box. :-)

Thanks for looking up with me.
- LRK -

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update
==============================================================
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-05/17/content_593317.htm
China to launch moon probe next April
By Liu Dan (chinadaily.com.cn)
Updated: 2006-05-17 16:37

China's first lunar satellite may be launched during a fly-by mission in
April in 2007, said Luan Enjie, director of the China National Space
Administration on Tuesday, May 16.

[Ooops - didn't happen, did it. - LRK -]
Snip
--------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/library/news/2007/space-070520-voa01.htm
China to Launch Moon Probe This Year

By VOA News
/20 May 2007/

China's media say Beijing plans to launch a lunar orbiter later this year.

The Xinhua news agency quotes China's space agency chief, Sun Laiyan, as
saying the launch is the first step towards a lunar probe. Sun said the
lunar exploration program has been divided into three steps: orbiting
the moon, landing on the lunar surface and coming back to Earth with
moon samples.

Xinhua says a moon rover mission is scheduled for around 2012.

Sun, who spoke at Beijing Jiaotong University, says China will also
continue research on manned space missions, including a space walk and
experiments tp link passing spacecraft.

In 2003, China became the third country - after the former Soviet Union
and the United States - to launch a man into space.

/Some information for this report was provided by AFP and Reuters./

[Would August be later in the year? Maybe later, later.- LRK -]
------------------------------------------------------------------
Next manned launch slips some too. - LRK -
http://www.china.org.cn/english/2006/Mar/160186.htm
China to Postpone Launch of Shenzhou VII to 2008

China will postpone the launch of its third manned space mission
Shenzhou VII spacecraft for about half a year to 2008, a senior
consultant to the country's space program said yesterday.

"There is nothing wrong. We just need more time to prepare for the
mission," Huang Chunping, chief consultant for China's manned launching
vehicle system, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency.
snip


==============================================================
As noted in ---

Welcome to this week's issue of The Space Review:

Diversifying our planetary portfolio
---
A recent article suggests that humanity has less than a half-century
to establish a permanent presence beyond Earth. Nader Elhefnawy
argues that a truly self-sufficient space colony will require
revisiting the industrial technologies and techniques in common use
today.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/927/1

From Russians to Berserkers
---
Not every idea in the space field is grand enough to be worthy of its
own full-length article. Dwayne Day combines several of these,
including updates on past reports on Russia and famous helicopters,
into a single report.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/926/1

The state of the RLV industry, 2007 (part two)
---
Last month's accident at Scaled Composites will have an effect on the
entrepreneurial space industry, although how significant remains to
be seen. Taylor Dinerman examines the evolution of this industry and
the need for openness by some of its participants.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/925/1

The fragility and resilience of NASA
---
Recent problems have illustrated both the technical challenges facing
NASA projects as well as the agency's public perception. Eric Hedman
discusses why this makes NASA's new strategic communications efforts
all the more important.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/924/1

Review: the voice of von Braun
---
Wernher von Braun had the rare combination of technical expertise and
the ability to communicate effectively with the public at large.
Jeff Foust reviews a book that compiles a number of von Braun's
speeches over the years where he described his visions of spaceflight.
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/923/1

Snip
==============================================================
WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK
==============================================================

Friday, March 02, 2007

Lunar Habitat - Habitable or Not?


You are an astronaut, sent to the Moon, and told to set up camp.

I mentioned that to save your fingers in constructing your Lunar Camp
you could drop in an inflatable.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/02/22/65477.aspx
Bigelow Shots For The Moon
Posted: Thursday, February 22, 2007 6:36 PM by Alan Boyle

Even as Bigelow Aerospace <http://www.bigelowaerospace.com/> gears up
for launching its second prototype space station
<http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16639526/> into orbit, the company has set
its sights on something much, much bigger: a project to assemble
full-blown space villages at a work site between Earth and the moon,
then drop them to the lunar surface, ready for immediate move-in.

In an exclusive interview this week, Las Vegas billionaire Robert
Bigelow confirmed that his company has been talking about the concept
with NASA � and that the first earthly tests of the techniques involved
would take place later this year. The scenario he sketched out would
essentially make Bigelow a general contractor for the final frontier.

Snip

http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/Components/Photos/070222/070222_Bigelow_hmed_1p.jpg
An artist's conception shows a Bigelow Aerospace complex in Earth orbit.
Such a station could serve as the precursor for prefabricated lunar bases after
2020.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.bigelowaerospace.com/
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16639526/

Maurizio Morabito mentioned that I didn't say anything about protecting
the Astronauts from radiation.

In looking for information about Radiation Shielding I found a very
interesting and informative 30 page paper on the topic. Only one
problem, Maurizio talks about 12 feet or so of regolith to cover you and
keep a person working in the radiation industry below 5 rem a year
exposure. The article talks about much less thickness and only a need to
protect and Astronaut from 50 rem a year exposure.

In David Schrunk and company's book, "THE MOON - Resources, Future
Development and Colonization", page 310 says the general public maximum
whole-body radiation dose rate should be less than 0.5 rem/year and
those who work with radiation should be less than 5 rem/year.

The paper is very interesting and I will give you the link.
- LRK -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19910008686_1991008686.pdf
Radiation Protection for Human Missions to The Moon and Mars.
NASA Technical Paper 3079, 1991
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

That said I was reading some of Maurizio's blogs (see his note below)
and I thought I would see if I could find the reference he sites.
It turns out that on the newly updated NSS web site we have a nice list
of reading material and you can find the links there.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.nss.org/settlement/library.html
http://www.nss.org/settlement/moon/library/index.htm

*1985: Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century. *Edited by
W. W. Mendell. Lunar and Planetary Institute. 866 pages. [Complete
online copy <http://ads.harvard.edu/books/lbsa/>] [Buy from Amazon
<http://www.amazon.com/Lunar-Bases-Space-Activities-Century/dp/0942862023/sr=1-1
/qid=1158774577/ref=sr_1_1/102-3575799-6704137?ie=UTF8&s=books
>]


Page 663 is where your article starts.
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1985lbsa.conf..663S
There are other references to radiation shielding in articles on pages
141, 211, 363, 375, and the one on 663.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Shielding is going to be something that has to be dealt with. Heavier
metals in stopping high energy tend to make for secondary emissions that
are lower in energy but give that energy up in blood forming tissue in a
rather disruptive manner.

Water and plastics have hydrogen bound up and that is a good match to
stop a lot of energetic particles without making a lot more nasties in
the process. Metals on the other hand need to be thick enough to slow
the high energy particles as well as the secondary emissions.

Regolith, the dirt of the Moon, is high in aluminum content and is more
like a metal than water.

Depending on which of the reports you want to consider you are talking
about inches or feet in thickness. Lugging thick metal slabs into space
will take some energy. Living inside your water supply is a
consideration, well not in the water but with the water storage part of
the surrounding walls.

Wrapping yourself in plastic wrap might be good too. The spacesuits are
multilayer and so is Bigelow Aerospace's inflatable.

I don't know if an Astronaut is considered stronger or just more
expendable. :-(

I am sure some of you who have worked with things radio active would be
better informed than I.

Now you have to look out for the dust, physical exertion, and radiation
exposure.

Next?

Thanks for looking up with me.

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update

==============================================================
Note from Maurizio - LRK
--------------------------------------------------------------

Larry

There is one important thing obviously missing from these suggestions.

The thought of spending more than a couple of days virtually
unprotected on the Lunar surface should not enthuse anybody.

It has been computed (*) that on average a maximum 20% of time should
be spent by humans outside the protection of a minimum 4 meters of
regolith.

http://omnologos.wordpress.com/tag/moon/
(*) R Silberberg et al, 'Radiation Transport of Cosmic Ray Nuclei in
Lunar Material and Radiation Doses', in W W Mendell, ed, 'Lunar Bases
and Space Activities of the 21st Century', Lunar and Planetary
Institute, 1985, p668

If we seriously consider going back to the Moon, resources should be
spent investigating how easy it will be to bury those Habitats
(inflatable or otherwise) either under excavated regolith _OR_ in lava
tubes _OR_ in artificial giant caves. Especially the caves should be
easy to create with explosives, if there is no water in the lunar
rocks.

regards
maurizio
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://omnologos.wordpress.com/2006/06/15/www-moon-the-why-what-and-when-of-a-permanent-manned-lunar-colony/
==============================================================

WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

==============================================================

Thursday, March 01, 2007

Lunar Habitat - Inflate That Prefab.


You are an astronaut, sent to the Moon, and told to set up camp.

You are not too happy with the thought of fastening a lot of pieces of metal together since in a pressurized spacesuit it would be both tiresome and hard on your fingernails.

You are pleased to find out that a complete structure will be inflated in space and dropped intact and ready to occupy thanks to Bigelow Aerospace, a company that has been orbiting inflatable structures back on Earth.

Make a note, take wife on a second honeymoon in Low Earth Orbit when you get back.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/02/22/65477.aspx
Bigelow Shots For The Moon
Posted: Thursday, February 22, 2007 6:36 PM by Alan Boyle

Even as Bigelow Aerospace gears up for launching its second prototype space station into orbit, the company has set its sights on something much, much bigger: a project to assemble full-blown space villages at a work site between Earth and the moon, then drop them to the lunar surface, ready for immediate move-in.

In an exclusive interview this week, Las Vegas billionaire Robert Bigelow confirmed that his company has been talking about the concept with NASA – and that the first earthly tests of the techniques involved would take place later this year. The scenario he sketched out would essentially make Bigelow a general contractor for the final frontier.

Snip




http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/Components/Photos/070222/070222_Bigelow_hmed_1p.jpg
An artist's conception shows a Bigelow Aerospace complex in Earth orbit. Such a
station could serve as the precursor for prefabricated lunar bases after 2020.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.bigelowaerospace.com/
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16639526/

Before you go, maybe a good idea to do some testing here on Earth.
- LRK -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/exploration/mmb/inflatable-lunar-hab.html
Snip
The first steps in making a lunar outpost a reality are being taken now, as planners intensify their efforts to determine what it will take for humans to safely live and work on the lunar surface.
Snip




The "planetary surface habitat and airlock unit" has been delivered to NASA Langley for ground-based evaluation of emerging technologies such as health monitoring of flexible structures. Credit: NASA/Jeff Caplan.


http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/170069main_influnarhab01-330.jpg
http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/170068main_influnarhab01-1024.jpg

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Thanks for looking up with me.

Larry Kellogg

Web Site: http://lkellogg.vttoth.com/LarryRussellKellogg/
BlogSpot: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/
RSS link: http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml
Newsletter: https://news.altair.com/mailman/listinfo/lunar-update

==============================================================
More thoughts about inflatables. - LRK -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.asi.org/adb/02/06/inflatables-study-1.html

Study on Inflatable Lunar Habitats

William Mook has prepared a number of studies on space development, some of which relate directly to the Artemis Project's goals. This concept of an inflatable habitat could be a possibility for expanding the pressurized space of Moonbase Artemis for increased crew, or for lunar tourism. He has posted the following brief summary of his study:

Polyester film has a yield strength of about 25,000 psi. So a reinforced polyester film blown to form a 60-foot-diameter sphere would need to be about 1/80 inch thick to sustain a 3.75 psi pressure. You would need about 1/20 inch thick film to sustain 14.70 psi pressure.

Assume an outer shell 1/80 inch thick, and an inner shell 1/80 inch thick, separated by 2 inches. The film is bonded together every 2 inches or so by kevlar netting. The space between the two films is filled with lightweight polystyrene.

The whole sphere would inflate from a small pillbox type container. Assuming 3.75 psi working pressure, the sphere would weigh about 1,275 lb. The oxygen would weigh 2,225 lbs! More than the container!

Five floors would be formed the same way, and deployed along with the inflation of the spherical shell. They would consist of 2 sheets of polyester film separated by a kevlar reinforced polystyrene filler.

The poles of the sphere would be connected by a lanyard-deployed continuous longeron coilable boom. This would interconnect the five floors.

Starting at the south pole of the 60-ft-diameter sphere, the first floor is 5 ft above the pole. It is a circle 46 ft in diameter containing 1668 square ft of space. The second floor is 15 ft above the south pole. It is a cirle 53.6 ft in diameter and 2262 sq. ft. in area. The third floor is largest, with an area of 2,750 sq. ft. and a diameter of 59.2 ft. We then repeat the same sequence in reverse. The sixth panel is actually the ceiling of the fifth floor. The mass of these floors is 1,200 lbs.

The mass of the vertical shaft is 280 lb.

Assume the sphere is inflated on the lunar surface, from the nose of a landing craft. The craft is a cylinder 12 ft in diameter and 18 ft tall.




http://www.asi.org/images/asi199800032.jpg


>From the side of this cylinder is a 30-ft-long, 10-ft-diameter tube cut into two sections. The end of each section has attached to it an airlock door made of diffusion bonded/superplastically deformed titanium. The weight of each airlock is 480 lb. The weight of the outer tube, made of polystyrene foam inflated polyester film is 360 lb. Another lanyard-deployed continuous longeron coilable boom connects each of the airlock doors. The innermost door is attached to the airframe of the pillbox/spacecraft. This spacecraft contains all the environmental control systems as well as consumables. It is airtight, and forms a link between the airlocks and the station above. It also is a control center from which to control the station. The longeron coilable boom weighs 150 lb.

Snip
==============================================================

WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK

==============================================================